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\author{$B:4Gl(B $BBsO:(B \\
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\begin{document}

\maketitle

\part*{}

\begin{abstract}

$BK\8&5f$NL\E*$O(B, $B9b0^EY@.AX7w$G4QB,$5$l$k@.AX7wFMA3>:29$N%a%+%K%:%`$rM}2r$9$k$3$H$G$"$k(B. $B?<$$M}2r$rL\;X$7$F(B, $B@.AX7wFMA3>:29$N%b%G%k$N$R$H$D$G$"$k(B, Matsuno (1971) $B$K$*$$$FDs>'$5$l$?%b%G%k$N;YG[J}Dx<0$N0lIt$rF3=P$7(B, $B2r$N5sF0$K$D$$$F9M;!$9$k(B. $BK\8&5f$N0U5A$O(B, $BBg5$NO3X$N4pACM}O@$K$D$$$F3X=,$9$k$3$H$K$"$k(B.

\end{abstract}

\tableofcontents

\chapter{$B$O$8$a$K(B}

\markright{$BBh(B\arabic{chapter}$B>O(B\;\;\;\;$B$O$8$a$K(B}

$B@.AX7w$O(B, $B9bEY$H$H$b$K5$29$,8:>/$9$kBPN.7w$H$O0[$J$j(B, $B9bEY$H$H$b$K5$29$,>e>:$9$kNN0h$G$"$k(B. $B$7$?$,$C$F(B, $BCGG.JQ2=$K$h$k6u5$$N>e2<1?F0$KBP$7$F0BDj$JNN0h$G$b$"$k(B ($B?^(B 1.1 $B;2>H(B).
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm,angle=0,clip]{gfdsemi758.eps}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
$B?^(B 1.1: {\footnotesize $BJF9qI8=`Bg5$$N9bEYJ,I[(B ($B>>Ln!&Eg:j(B, 1981).}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
$B$D$^$j(B, $B@.AX7w$G$O3hH/$JG.BPN.$OH/@8$7$J$$(B. $B$=$l$f$($K@.AX7w$H$$$&L>$,IU$1$i$l$?$N$G$"$k(B.

$B$7$+$7(B, $B@.AX7w$O7h$7$FBg5$$N1?F0$,H/@8$7$J$$NN0h$G$O$J$/(B, $B$5$^$6$^$JBg5$8=>]$,H/@8$9$k(B. $B$?$H$($P(B, $B2<It@.AX7w$K$*$$$FBS>uJ?6QIw$,$"$k0lDj$N<~4|$G7PG/JQ2=$9$k@VF;=`FsG/<~4|?6F0$d(B, $B>eIt@.AX7w$K$*$$$FBS>uJ?6QIw$,2F$HE_$GF~$lBX$o$kH>G/<~4|?6F0$J$I$H$$$C$?Bg5$8=>]$,H/@8$7$F$$$k(B. $B$^$?(B, $B@.AX7w$G$3$N$h$&$JBg5$8=>]$r6nF0$9$k%(%M%k%.!<8;$O%*%>%s$N;g30@~5[<}$K$h$k2CG.$NB>$K(B, $BBPN.7w$+$i$NGHF0$K$h$k1?F0NL$NEAGE$b%(%M%k%.!<8;$H$7$F9M$($i$l$F$$$k(B.

$B;d$O(B, $B$3$N$h$&$J@.AX7w$GH/@8$9$kBg5$8=>]$NCf$G(B, $B9b0^EY$N@.AX7w$GH/@8$9$k@.AX7wFMA3>:29$KCeL\$7$?(B. $B$3$N8=>]$O8e=R$9$k$h$&$K(B, $B@.AX7w$N5$29$,FMA3>e>:$9$k8=>]$G$"$j(B, $BBPN.7w$+$iGHF0$,1?$V1?F0NL$K$h$C$FH/@8$9$k$H9M$($i$l$F$$$k(B. $B$=$3$GK\O@J8$G$O(B, $B$3$N$h$&$JOHAH$G@.AX7wFMA3>:29$N%a%+%K%:%`$rM}2r$9$k$3$H$r;n$_$k(B. $B$^$:Bh(B 2 $B>O$K$*$$$F(B, $B8=>]$N35MW$K$D$$$FDj@-E*$K@bL@$9$k(B. $B<!$KBh(B 3 $B>O$*$h$SBh(B 4 $B>O$K$*$$$F(B, Matsuno (1971) $B$K$*$$$FDs>'$5$l$?(B, $B@.AX7wFMA3>:29$N%b%G%k$N;YG[J}Dx<0$N0lIt$rF3=P$7(B, $B2r$N5sF0$K$D$$$F9M;!$9$k$3$H$G(B, $BDjNLE*$JM}2r$rL\;X$9(B.

\chapter{$B@.AX7wFMA3>:29$N35MW(B}

\markright{$BBh(B\arabic{chapter}$B>O(B\;\;\;\;$B@.AX7wFMA3>:29$N35MW(B}

\section{$B8=>]$N@bL@(B}

$B@.AX7wFMA3>:29$H$O(B, $BF|!9$N5$29JQ2=$,4K$d$+$J@.AX7w$K$*$$$F(B, $BFMA35$29$,>e>:$9$k8=>]$G$"$k(B. 1952 $BG/(B 2 $B7n(B, $B%I%$%D$G%i%8%*%>%s%G$K$h$k@.AX7w$N4QB,$r9T$C$F$$$?%Y%k%j%s<+M3Bg3X$N%7%'%k%O!<%/$,(B, $B@.AX7w$N5$29$,?tF|$G(B 40 $BEY0J>e>e>:$9$k$N$rH/8+$7$?(B. $B?^(B 2.1 $B$,Ev;~$N5$29JQ2=$NMM;R$G$"$k(B.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=8cm,angle=0,clip]{gfdsemi762.eps}
\end{center}
$B?^(B 2.1: {\footnotesize $B@.AX7wFMA3>:29$,H/8+$5$l$?$H$-$N(B, $B%Y%k%j%s>e6u(B 15 hPa, 25 hPa, 100 hPa $B$K$*$1$k5$29$N;~4VJQ2=(B ($B>.AR(B, 1999).}
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$B$3$N?^$G6=L#?<$$$N$O(B, $B29EY>e>:$,>eAX$[$IAa$/$O$8$^$j(B, $B<!Bh$K<e$^$j$J$,$i2<AX$K0\F0$7$F$$$/$3$H$G$"$k(B. 

$B$=$l$^$G@.AX7w$G$O7c$7$$1?F0$OH/@8$7$J$$$G$"$m$&$H?.$8$i$l$F$$$?$?$a(B, $BBPN.7w$K$b8+$i$l$J$$$h$&$J7c$7$$29EYJQ2=$,4QB,$5$l$?$N$O6C$-$G$"$C$?(B. $B$3$l$ODL>o$NBg5$8=>]$H$O0c$$(B, $BEEN%AX$N<'5$Mr$d%*!<%m%i$J$IB@M[3hF0$NJQ2=$K860x$,$"$kFC0[$J8=>]$G$O$J$$$+$H$O$8$a$O?d;!$5$l$?(B. $B$7$+$7(B, $B<!Bh$K@$3&$N@.AX7w4QB,LV$,@0Hw$5$l$k$H(B, $B@.AX7wFMA3>:29$,C1$K6ICOE*$J8=>]$G$O$J$/(B, $BKLH>5eA40h$rJ$$&@.AX7w=[4D$NBgJQF0$G$"$k$3$H$,L@$i$+$K$J$C$?(B.

% $B?^(B 2.2 $B$O(B 1963 $BG/(B 1 $B7nKv$+$i(B 2 $B7n$O$8$a$K$+$1$F5/$3$C$?@.AX7wFMA3>:29;~$N(B 10 hPa $B$K$*$1$kKLH>5eE75$?^$G$"$k(B.
%\begin{figure}[tbp]
%\begin{center}
%\includegraphics[width=13cm,angle=0,clip]{gfdsemi773.eps}
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% $B?^(B 2.2: {\footnotesize 1963 $BG/(B 1 $B7nKv$K5/$3$C$?5-O?E*>:29;~$N(B 10 mb $BE75$?^(B ($Meterologische\;Abhandlungen$, Bd. {\bf XL}, 1963). $B<B@~$OEy9b@~(B ($BN.@~$HF1Ey(B) $B$G(B 320 m $B4V3V(B, $BGK@~$OEy29@~$G(B 10 C $B4V3V(B.}
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% (a) $B$G$O6KLk%8%'%C%H$,Bg$-$/JQ7A$7$F$*$j(B, $BCf0^EYBS$K$O9b5$05$,8=$l$F$$$k(B. (b) $B$G$O6KLk%8%'%C%H$O$9$G$K(B 2 $B$D$KJ,Nv$7(B, $B$=$l$H$H$b$KKL6K>e$N4(5$$NCf?4$bJ,Nv$7(B, $BCf0^EY$+$i?/F~$7$F$-$?9b290h$,$H$C$FBe$o$C$F$$$k(B. (c) $B$G$OCf0^EY$K$"$C$?9b5$05$,6KJ}8~$K0\F0$79gBN$7$F$$$k(B. $BKL6K$O$D$$$K9b29$NCf?4$K$J$j(B, (a) $B$N>uBV$+$i8+$l$P(B, $B29EY$NFnKL79EY$O5UE>$7$F$$$k(B. (d) $B$G$OKL6KIU6a$K9b29$NCf?4$,$"$j(B, $B9b5$05$NCf?4$b$"$j(B, $B$=$l$KBP1~$7$FElIw$,?a$$$F$$$k(B. 

\section{$BH/@8%a%+%K%:%`(B}

Matsuno (1971) $B$O(B, $BBPN.7w$GH/@8$7$F>eJ}$KEAGE$7$F$-$?%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$,@.(B
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$B0J2<$G$O(B, $B%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NEAGE$+$i@.AX7wFMA3>:29$NH/@8$^$G$NN.$l$r(B, $B>>(B
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\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=9cm,angle=0,clip]{gfdsemi780.eps}
\end{center}
$B?^(B 2.2: {\footnotesize $BH/@8%a%+%K%:%`$N@bL@?^(B 1 ($B>>Ln!&Eg:j(B, 1981). $B:8$+$i=g$K(B, $B$=$l$>$l%(%M%k%.!<L)EY?6I}(B $|\psi|$, $B?6I}(B $|\phi|$, $BJ?6QIwB.(B $\bar{u}$ ($B@>Iw$r@5$H$9$k(B) $B$N(B, $B;~9o(B $t_0$, $t_1$, $t_2$, $t_3$ $B$K$*$1$k1tD>%W%m%U%!%$%k$G$"$k(B. $\bar{u}$ $B$N?^$NGK@~It$O(B $\partial\bar{u}/\partial z<0$ $B$r<($9(B.}
\end{figure}
$B$=$N$5$$(B $|\psi|$ $B$O$[$\0lDj$KJ]$?$l$k$,(B, $B6u5$$NL)EY$,9bEY$H$H$b$K8:>/$9$k$N$K$D$l(B $|\phi|$ $B$OA}Bg$7$F$$$-(B, $BGH$NHs@~7A@-$,6/$/$J$k(B. $B$3$NHs@~7A8z2L$K$h$j(B, $B7k2L$H$7$FGH$N@hC<$G$O@>8~$-$NJ?6QIw2CB.$,5/$3$k(B ($B@>Iw$,8:B.$9$k(B).

$B$3$3$G?^(B 2.3 $B$N$h$&$K(B, $BCO5e$,5e$G$"$k$3$H$rL5;k$7(B, $BCf!&9b0^EY$NBg5$$O0^EY1_$KJ?9T$J(B 2 $BKg$N1tD>$JJI$K0O$^$l$?N.BN$@$H9M$($k(B.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=5cm,angle=0,clip]{gfdsemi766.eps}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
$B?^(B 2.3: {\footnotesize $BH/@8%a%+%K%:%`$N@bL@?^(B 2 (Matsuno and Nakamura, 1979 $B$r2~JQ(B).}
\end{center}
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$B0J>e$N$h$&$K(B, $B@.AX7wFMA3>:29$OBPN.7w$+$i%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$,EAGE$7(B, $B$=$l$,Bg5$$N2<9_1?F0$r5/$3$7$?7k2L$G$"$k(B. $B$3$l$,@5$7$1$l$P(B, $B?^$N(B \textcircled{\footnotesize2} $B$NItJ,$K$O>e>:5$N.$,$"$k$?$a(B, $B$3$NItJ,$G$OCGG.KDD%$K$h$j(B, $B5$29$,2<$,$k(B\footnote{
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}. $B$^$??^$N(B \textcircled{\footnotesize3} $B$NItJ,$K$b>e>:5$N.$,$"$k$?$a(B, $B$3$NItJ,$G$b5$29$,2<$,$k(B\footnote{
$B$3$l$b4QB,$G3NG'$5$l$F$$$k(B ($B>.AR(B, 1999).
}.

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\chapter{$B;YG[J}Dx<0(B}

\markright{$BBh(B\arabic{chapter}$B>O(B\;\;\;\;$B;YG[J}Dx<0$NF3=P(B}

$BA0>O$K$*$$$F@.AX7wFMA3>:29$NH/@8%a%+%K%:%`$K$D$$$FDj@-E*$K@bL@$7$?(B. $BK\>O0J9_$G(B, $BA0>O$G@bL@$7$?%a%+%K%:%`$N$&$A(B, $B%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$N1tD>EAGE$K4X$9$k2aDx$K$D$$$F$NDjNLE*$JM}2r$r;n$_$k(B. $BK\>O$G$O$=$NBh0lJb$H$7$F(B, Matsuno (1971) $B$N%b%G%k$K$*$1$k(B, $B%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$N1tD>EAGE$K4X$9$kJ}Dx<0$rF3=P$9$k(B.

Matsuno (1971) $B$N%b%G%k$OJ?6QIwCf$N%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NEAGE$H$=$NGH$K$h$C$F6/@)$5$l$kJ?6QIw$NJQ2=$H$$$&Fs$D$N2aDx$+$i@.$jN)$D(B. $B$3$l$i$N2aDx$r@bL@$9$k$?$a$K(B, $BBS>uJ?6Q$H$=$3$+$i$N$:$l$H$KJ,3d$7$?120LJ}Dx<0$,MQ$$$i$l$F$$$k(B. $BMQ$$$i$l$?120LJ}Dx<0$O(B, $B$$$:$l$bK`;$$,$J$/CGG.E*$J=`CO9U120LJ}Dx<0$G$"$k(B. $BK\>O$GF3=P$9$k$N$O(B, $BBS>uJ?6Q$+$i$N$:$l$K4X$9$k120LJ}Dx<0$G$"$k(B.

\section{$B;YG[J}Dx<0$NF3=P(B}

$B85$H$J$kJ}Dx<07O$O(B, $B5eLL>e$NBP?t05NO:BI87O$K$*$1$k%W%j%_%F%#%VJ}Dx<07O(B\footnote{
$B%W%j%_%F%#%VJ}Dx<07O$H$O(B, $B1tD>J}8~$K@E?e05J?9U$r2>Dj$7$?1?F0J}Dx<07O$G$"$k(B.
}$B$G$"$k(B. $B%W%j%_%F%#%VJ}Dx<07O$O0J2<$N$h$&$J7A$G$"$k(B.
\begin{align}
\DD{u}{t}-2\Omega\sin{\theta}v&=-\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{\phi}{\lambda}, \\ %--3.1
\DD{v}{t}+2\Omega\sin{\theta}u&=-\frac{1}{a}\DP{\phi}{\theta}, \\ %--3.2
\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{u}{\lambda}+\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}(v\cos{\theta})+\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}(pw')&=0, \\ %--3.3
\DD{T}{t}+\frac{g}{C_p}\frac{T}{T_0}w'&=0, \\ %--3.4
\DP{\phi}{z}&=\frac{RT}{H}. %--3.5
\end{align}
$B$3$l$i$O$=$l$>$l(B, $B1?F0J}Dx<0(B, $BO"B3$N<0(B, $BG.NO3XJ}Dx<0(B, $B>uBVJ}Dx<0$G$"$k(B. $BM=$a(B, $BK`;$$,$J$/CGG.E*$J1?F0$r2>Dj$7$F$$$k(B.

$B3F5-9f$NDj5A$O0J2<$NDL$j$G$"$k(B.
\begin{displaymath}\begin{split}
t:&\;$B;~4V(B \\
\lambda:&\;$B7PEY(B \\
\theta:&\;$B0^EY(B \\
p:&\;$B5$05(B \\
p_0:&\;$BCOI=5$05$NI8=`CM(B \\
z:&\;$BDL>o>uBV$K$*$$$F5$05$,(B\;p\;$B$K$J$k9b$5(B\;(z=-H\ln{(p/p_0)}) \\
H:&\;$BBeI=E*%9%1!<%k%O%$%H(B \\
a:&\;$BCO5e$NH>7B(B \\
\Omega:&\;$BCO5e$N<+E>3QB.EY(B \\
T:&\;$B5$29(B \\
T_0:&\;H\;$B$KBP1~$9$kBeI=E*5$29(B\;(T_0=gH/R) \\
u,\;v,\;w':&\;$B$=$l$>$l(B\;\lambda,\;\theta,\;z\;$BJ}8~$NB.EY(B\footnotemark \\
\phi:&\;$B%8%*%]%F%s%7%c%k(B \\
C_p:&\;$B6u5$$NDj05HfG.(B \\
g:&\;$B=ENO2CB.EY(B \\
R:&\;$B6u5$$NC10L<ANL$"$?$j$N5$BNDj?t(B \\
\end{split}\end{displaymath}
\footnotetext{$B07$&1?F0$OBg5,LO$G$"$k$?$a(B, $B1tD>J}8~$NB.EY$O?eJ?J}8~$NB.EY$KHf$Y$F>.$5$$$3$H$+$i(B, $B%W%i%$%`$rIU$1$F6hJL$9$k(B.}
$B$^$?(B, $B%i%0%i%s%8%eHyJ,$K$D$$$F$O(B
\begin{displaymath}
\DD{}{t}\equiv\DP{}{t}+\frac{u}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\lambda}+\frac{v}{a}\DP{}{\theta}+w'\DP{}{z}
\end{displaymath}
$B$G$"$k(B.

$B$^$:(B, $B%W%j%_%F%#%VJ}Dx<07O$r@~7A2=$9$k(B. $BJ*M}JQ?t$K$D$$$F<!$N$h$&$JEl@>J}8~$NJ?6Q(B ($BBS>uJ?6Q(B) $B$r9M$($k(B.
\begin{displaymath}
\bar{u}\equiv\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{0}^{2\pi}ud\lambda.
\end{displaymath}
$B$3$N$H$-(B, $B3FJ*M}JQ?t$O(B
\begin{displaymath}
u(\lambda,\theta,z,t)\equiv\bar{u}(\theta,z)+u'(\lambda,\theta,z,t)
\end{displaymath}
$B$N$h$&$K(B, $BBS>uJ?6Q(B ($\bar{u}$) $B$H$=$3$+$i$N$:$l(B ($u'$) $B$GI=$;$k$H$9$k(B. $B$^$?(B
\begin{displaymath}
\frac{u'}{\bar{u}}\ll1
\end{displaymath}
$B$H$$$&4X78$,$"$k$H$9$k(B. $B$3$NDj5A$K=>$$(B, $BJ}Dx<07O$N3FJ*M}JQ?t$rBS>uJ?6Q$H$=$3$+$i$N$:$l$GI=$9$H(B
\begin{align}
&\DP{}{t}(\bar{u}+u')+\frac{\bar{u}+u'}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\lambda}(\bar{u}+u')+\frac{\bar{v}+v'}{a}\DP{}{\theta}(\bar{u}+u') \notag \\
+&w'\DP{}{z}(\bar{u}+u')-2\Omega\sin{\theta}(\bar{v}+v')=-\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\lambda}(\bar{\phi}+\phi'), \\ %--3.6
&\DP{}{t}(\bar{v}+v')+\frac{\bar{u}+u'}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\lambda}(\bar{v}+v')+\frac{\bar{v}+v'}{a}\DP{}{\theta}(\bar{v}+v') \notag \\
+&w'\DP{}{z}(\bar{v}+v')+2\Omega\sin{\theta}(\bar{u}+u')=-\frac{1}{a}\DP{}{\theta}(\bar{\phi}+\phi'), \\ %--3.7
&\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\lambda}(\bar{u}+u')+\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}\{(\bar{v}+v')\cos{\theta}\}+\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}(pw')=0, \\ %--3.8
&\DP{}{t}(\bar{T}+T')+\frac{\bar{u}+u'}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\lambda}(\bar{T}+T')+\frac{\bar{v}+v'}{a}\DP{}{\theta}(\bar{T}+T') \notag \\
+&w'\DP{}{z}(\bar{T}+T')+\frac{g}{C_p}\frac{\bar{T}+T'}{T_0}w'=0, \\ %--3.9
&\DP{}{z}(\bar{\phi}+\phi')=\frac{R(\bar{T}+T')}{H} %--3.10
\end{align}
$B$H$J$k(B. $B%P!<$N$D$$$?J*M}JQ?t$O;~4V(B, $B0^EY$KFHN)$G$"$j(B, $B$^$?CO9UIwE*$J1?F0$r9M$($k$H(B
\begin{displaymath}
\bar{v}=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi}vd\lambda=\frac{1}{2\pi}\frac{1}{2\Omega\sin{\theta}}\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\int_0^{2\pi}\DP{\phi}{\lambda}d\lambda=0
\end{displaymath}
$B$G$"$k$+$i(B, (3.6) $B!A(B (3.10) $B$O(B
\begin{align}
&\DP{u'}{t}+\frac{\bar{u}+u'}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{u'}{\lambda}+\frac{v'}{a}\DP{}{\theta}(\bar{u}+u') \notag \\
+&w'\DP{}{z}(\bar{u}+u')-2\Omega\sin{\theta}v'=-\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\lambda}, \\ %--3.11
&\DP{v'}{t}+\frac{\bar{u}+u'}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{v'}{\lambda}+\frac{v'}{a}\DP{v'}{\theta} \notag \\
+&w'\DP{v'}{z}+2\Omega\sin{\theta}(\bar{u}+u')=-\frac{1}{a}\DP{}{\theta}(\bar{\phi}+\phi'), \\ %--3.12
&\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{u'}{\lambda}+\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}(v'\cos{\theta})+\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}(pw')=0, \\ %--3.13
&\DP{T'}{t}+\frac{\bar{u}+u'}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{T'}{\lambda}+\frac{v'}{a}\DP{}{\theta}(\bar{T}+T') \notag \\
+&w'\DP{}{z}(\bar{T}+T')+\frac{g}{C_p}\frac{\bar{T}+T'}{T_0}w'=0, \\ %--3.14
&\DP{}{z}(\bar{\phi}+\phi')=\frac{R(\bar{T}+T')}{H} %--3.15
\end{align}
$B$H$J$k(B. $B$5$i$KHs@~7A9`(B ($B%W%i%$%`$N$D$$$?J*M}JQ?t$N@Q$r4^$`9`(B) $B$rL5;k$9$k$H(B
\begin{align}
\DP{u'}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{u'}{\lambda}+\frac{v'}{a}\DP{\bar{u}}{\theta}+w'\DP{\bar{u}}{z}-2\Omega\sin{\theta}v'&=-\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\lambda}, \\ %--3.16
\DP{v'}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{v'}{\lambda}+2\Omega\sin{\theta}(\bar{u}+u')&=-\frac{1}{a}\DP{}{\theta}(\bar{\phi}+\phi'), \\ %--3.17
\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{u'}{\lambda}+\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}(v'\cos{\theta})+\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}(pw')&=0, \\ %--3.18
\DP{T'}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{T'}{\lambda}+\frac{v'}{a}\DP{\bar{T}}{\theta}+w'\DP{\bar{T}}{z}+\frac{g}{C_p}\frac{\bar{T}}{T_0}w'&=0, \\ %--3.19
\DP{}{z}(\bar{\phi}+\phi')&=\frac{R(\bar{T}+T')}{H} %--3.20
\end{align}
$B$H$J$j(B, $B@~7A2=$5$l$?%W%j%_%F%#%VJ}Dx<07O$,F@$i$l$?(B. $B$3$3$G(B $\bar{\omega}$ $B$O3QB.EY$NBS>uJ?6Q$G$"$j(B
\begin{displaymath}
\bar{\omega}\equiv\frac{\bar{u}}{a\cos{\theta}}
\end{displaymath}
$B$G$"$k(B.

$B<!$K(B, (3.16) $B!A(B (3.18) $B$+$i12EYJ}Dx<0$rF3=P$9$k(B. (3.16) $B$K1i;;;R(B $\displaystyle \frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}\cos{\theta}$ $B$r:nMQ$5$;$k$H(B
\begin{align}
&\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\frac{\partial^2}{\partial\theta\partial t}(u'\cos{\theta})+\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}\biggl(\bar{\omega}\DP{u'}{\lambda}\cos{\theta}\biggr)+\frac{1}{a^2\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}\biggl(v'\DP{\bar{u}}{\theta}\cos{\theta}\biggr) \notag \\
+&\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}\biggl(w'\DP{\bar{u}}{z}\cos{\theta}\biggr)-\frac{2\Omega}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}\biggl(\sin{\theta}v'\cos{\theta}\biggr)=-\frac{1}{a^2\cos{\theta}}\frac{\partial^2\phi'}{\partial\theta\partial\lambda} %--3.21
\end{align}
$B$H$J$j(B, (3.17) $B$K1i;;;R(B $\displaystyle \frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\lambda}$ $B$r:nMQ$5$;$k$H(B
\begin{align}
\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\frac{\partial^2v'}{\partial\lambda\partial t}+\frac{\bar{\omega}}{a\cos{\theta}}\frac{\partial^2v'}{\partial\lambda^2}+\frac{2\Omega\sin{\theta}}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{u'}{\lambda}=-\frac{1}{a^2\cos{\theta}}\frac{\partial^2\phi'}{\partial\lambda\partial\theta} %--3.22
\end{align}
$B$H$J$k(B. (3.22) $B$+$i(B (3.21) $B$r0z$-(B, $B@0M}$9$k$H(B
\begin{align}
\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\zeta'+\frac{v'}{a}\DP{\bar{Z}}{\theta}-2\Omega\sin{\theta}\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}(pw')&=0
\end{align}
$B$H$J$j(B, $B12EYJ}Dx<0$,F3=P$5$l$k(B\footnote{
$B>\:Y$JF3=P$O$G$-$F$$$J$$(B.
}. $B$3$3$G(B, $\bar{Z}$ $B$O@dBP12EY$NBS>uJ?6Q$G$"$k(B.

$B:#EY$O(B, (3.20) $B$rMQ$$$FG.NO3XJ}Dx<0(B (3.19) $B$r=q$-49$($k(B. (3.20) $B$rF1$8<!?t$N9`F1;N$r7k$s$@Fs$D$NEy<0$KJ,2r$9$k$H(B
\begin{eqnarray}
\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
\displaystyle \DP{\bar{\phi}}{z}=\displaystyle \frac{R\bar{T}}{H} \\[+10pt]
\displaystyle \DP{\phi'}{z}=\displaystyle\frac{RT'}{H}
\end{array}\right. \notag \\
$B!h(B\quad\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
\displaystyle \bar{T}=\frac{H}{R}\DP{\bar{\phi}}{z} \\[+10pt]
\displaystyle T'=\frac{H}{R}\DP{\phi'}{z}
\end{array}\right. 
\end{eqnarray}
$B$H$J$k(B. (3.24) $B$r(B (3.19) $B$KBeF~$9$k$H(B
\begin{align}
&\DP{}{t}\biggl(\DP{\phi'}{z}\biggr)+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggl(\DP{\phi'}{z}\biggr)+\frac{v'}{a}\DP{}{\theta}\biggl(\DP{\bar{\phi}}{z}\biggr)+\frac{R}{H}w'\DP{\bar{T}}{z}+\frac{R}{H}\frac{g}{C_p}\frac{\bar{T}}{T_0}w'=0 \notag \\
$B!h(B\quad&\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\DP{\phi'}{z}+\frac{v'}{a}\DP{}{z}\biggl(\DP{\bar{\phi}}{\theta}\biggr)+\frac{R}{H}\biggl(\DP{\bar{T}}{z}+\frac{g}{C_p}\frac{\bar{T}}{T_0}\biggr)w'=0
\end{align}
$B$H$J$k(B. $\bar{u}$ $B$H(B $\bar{\phi}$ $B$N4V$K$OCO9UIw$N4X78$,@.$jN)$D$?$a(B
\begin{displaymath}\begin{split}
\bar{u}&=-\frac{1}{2\Omega\sin{\theta}}\frac{1}{a}\DP{\bar{\phi}}{\theta} \\
$B!h(B\quad\DP{\bar{\phi}}{\theta}&=-2\Omega a\sin{\theta}(a\cos{\theta})\bar{\omega}
\end{split}\end{displaymath}
$B$G$"$j(B, $B$^$?%V%i%s%H!&%P%$%5%i?6F0?t(B $N$ $B$O(B
\begin{displaymath}
N^2\equiv\frac{R}{H}\biggl(\DP{\bar{T}}{z}+\frac{g}{C_p}\frac{\bar{T}}{T_0}\biggr)
\end{displaymath}
$B$HDj5A$5$l$k$+$i(B, (3.25) $B$O(B
\begin{align}
\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\DP{\phi'}{z}-2\Omega\sin{\theta}(a\cos{\theta})\DP{\bar{\omega}}{z}v'+N^2w'=0
\end{align}
$B$H=q$-I=$;$k(B.

$B<!$K(B, (3.23) $B$H(B (3.26) $B$+$i120LJ}Dx<0$rF3=P$9$k(B. (3.26) $B$h$j(B
\begin{align}
w'=-\frac{1}{N^2}\biggl[\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\DP{\phi'}{z}-2\Omega\sin{\theta}(a\cos{\theta})\DP{\bar{\omega}}{z}v'\biggr]
\end{align}
$B$G$"$j(B, $B$3$l$r(B (3.23) $B$KBeF~$9$k$H(B
\begin{align}
&\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\zeta'+\frac{v'}{a}\DP{\bar{Z}}{\theta} \notag \\
-&2\Omega\sin{\theta}\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}\biggl\{-\frac{p}{N^2}\biggl[\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\DP{\phi'}{z}-2\Omega\sin{\theta}(a\cos{\theta})\DP{\bar{\omega}}{z}v'\biggr]\biggr\}=0
\end{align}
$B$H$J$j(B, $p/N^2$ $B$O$$$^(B $t$ $B$d(B $\lambda$ $B$K0MB8$7$J$$$+$i(B
\begin{align}
&\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\zeta'+\frac{v'}{a}\DP{\bar{Z}}{\theta} \notag \\
+&2\Omega\sin{\theta}\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}\biggl[\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\biggl(\frac{p}{N^2}\DP{\phi'}{z}\biggr)-2\Omega\sin{\theta}(a\cos{\theta})\frac{p}{N^2}\DP{\bar{\omega}}{z}v'\biggr]=0 \notag \\
$B!h(B\quad&\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\zeta'+\frac{v'}{a}\DP{\bar{Z}}{\theta}+2\Omega\sin{\theta}\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}\biggl(\frac{p}{N^2}\DP{\phi'}{z}\biggr) \notag \\
+&2\Omega\sin{\theta}\frac{1}{p}\DP{\bar{\omega}}{z}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggl(\frac{p}{N^2}\DP{\phi'}{z}\biggr)-4\Omega^2\sin^2{\theta}(a\cos{\theta})\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}\biggl(\frac{p}{N^2}\DP{\bar{\omega}}{z}v'\biggr)=0
\end{align}
$B$H$J$k(B. $B$h$C$F(B
\begin{align}
&\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\biggl[\zeta'+\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}\biggl(\frac{p}{N^2}\DP{\phi'}{z}\biggr)2\Omega\sin{\theta}\biggr] \notag \\
+&\biggl[\frac{1}{a}\DP{\bar{Z}}{\theta}-4\Omega^2\sin^2{\theta}(a\cos{\theta})\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}\biggl(\frac{p}{N^2}\DP{\bar{\omega}}{z}\biggr)\biggr]v' \notag \\
-&4\Omega^2\sin^2{\theta}(a\cos{\theta})\frac{1}{N^2}\DP{\bar{\omega}}{z}\DP{v'}{z}+2\Omega\sin{\theta}\frac{1}{N^2}\DP{\bar{\omega}}{z}\frac{\partial^2\phi'}{\partial\lambda\partial z}=0
\end{align}
$B$G$"$j(B, $BCO9UIw$N(B $\theta$ $B@.J,$r(B $v_g$ $B$H$9$k$H(B
\begin{displaymath}
v_g=\frac{1}{2\Omega\sin{\theta}}\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\lambda}
\end{displaymath}
$B$G$"$k$+$i(B, (3.30) $B$O(B
\begin{align}
&\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\biggl[\zeta'+\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}\biggl(\frac{p}{N^2}\DP{\phi'}{z}\biggr)2\Omega\sin{\theta}\biggr] \notag \\
+&\frac{4\Omega^2\sin^2{\theta}}{N^2}a\cos{\theta}\DP{\bar{\omega}}{z}\biggl(\DP{v_g}{z}-\DP{v'}{z}\biggr)+\frac{1}{a}\DP{\bar{q}}{\theta}v'=0
\end{align}
$B$H$J$j(B, $B120LJ}Dx<0$,F3=P$5$l$?(B. $B$3$3$G(B $\partial\bar{q}/\partial\theta$ $B$O120L$N0^EY8{G[$G$"$j(B
\begin{displaymath}
\DP{\bar{q}}{\theta}=\DP{\bar{Z}}{\theta}-4\Omega^2a^2\sin^2{\theta}\cos{\theta}\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}\biggl(\frac{p}{N^2}\DP{\bar{\omega}}{z}\biggr)
\end{displaymath}
$B$HI=$5$l$k(B. 

$B:G8e$K(B, $BCO9UIw$N4X78$rMQ$$$F120LJ}Dx<0(B (3.31) $B$r(B $\phi'$ $B$N$_$rJQ?t$H$9$k<0$GI=$9$3$H$r;n$_$k(B. $BCO9UIw$r2>Dj$9$k$H(B $u,\;v$ $B$O$=$l$>$l(B
\begin{align}
u'&=-\frac{1}{2\Omega\sin{\theta}}\frac{1}{a}\DP{\phi'}{\theta} \\
v'&=\frac{1}{2\Omega\sin{\theta}}\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\lambda}
\end{align}
$B$HI=$5$l$k$+$i(B, $B$3$N$H$-$N12EY(B $\zeta'$ $B$O5eLL>e$G$N12EY$NDj5A$h$j(B
\begin{align}
\zeta'&\equiv\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{v'}{\lambda}-\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}(u'\cos{\theta}) \notag \\
&=\frac{1}{2\Omega\sin{\theta}}\frac{1}{a^2\cos^2{\theta}}\frac{\partial^2\phi'}{\partial\lambda^2}+\frac{1}{2\Omega}\frac{1}{a^2\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}\biggl(\frac{\cos{\theta}}{\sin{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\theta}\biggr) \notag \\
&=\frac{1}{2\Omega\sin{\theta}}\frac{1}{a^2}\biggl[\frac{\sin{\theta}}{\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}\biggl(\frac{\cos{\theta}}{\sin{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\theta}\biggr)+\frac{1}{\cos^2{\theta}}\frac{\partial^2\phi'}{\partial\lambda^2}\biggr]
\end{align}
$B$H$J$k(B. (3.33) $B$H(B (3.34) $B$r(B (3.31) $B$KBeF~$9$l$P(B $\phi'$ $B$N$_$rJQ?t$H$9$k120LJ}Dx<0$,F@$i$l$k$,(B, $B$3$&$7$FF@$i$l$k120LJ}Dx<0$K$O%(%M%k%.!<E*$JL7=b$,$"$k(B\footnote{
Matsuno (1971) $B$d(B, $B$=$N@h9T8&5f$G$"$k(B Matsuno (1970) $B$G$O(B, $B$3$N$3$H$K4X$7$F$O<0$rMQ$$$?@bL@$O$J$5$l$F$*$i$:(B, $B6qBNE*$K$I$N$h$&$JL7=b$,@8$8$k$N$+:#$N$H$3$mFM$-;_$a$i$l$F$$$J$$(B.
}. $B$3$NL7=b$O(B, (3.31) $B:G=*9`$N(B $v'$ $B$N$_(B
\begin{align}
v'&=\frac{1}{2\Omega\sin{\theta}}\biggl[\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\lambda}+\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)u'\biggr] \notag \\
&=\frac{1}{2\Omega a\sin{\theta}}\biggl[\frac{1}{\cos{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\lambda}-\frac{1}{2\Omega\sin{\theta}}\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\DP{\phi'}{\theta}\biggr]
\end{align}
$B$N$h$&$KHsCO9UIw@.J,$r4^$`7A$GI=$9$3$H$GH/8+E*$K2r7h$9$k(B. $B$3$N2r7hK!$K=>$$(B (3.31) $B$K(B (3.33) $B!A(B (3.35) $B$rBeF~$9$k$H(B
\begin{align}
&\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\biggl[\frac{\sin{\theta}}{\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}\biggl(\frac{\cos{\theta}}{\sin{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\theta}\biggr)+\frac{1}{\cos^2{\theta}}\frac{\partial^2\phi'}{\partial\lambda^2}
+4\Omega^2a^2\sin^2{\theta}\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}\biggl(\frac{p}{N^2}\DP{\phi'}{z}\biggr)\biggr] \notag \\
+&\DP{\bar{q}}{\theta}\frac{1}{\cos{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\lambda}-\DP{\bar{q}}{\theta}\frac{1}{2\Omega\sin{\theta}}\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\DP{\phi'}{\theta}=0
\end{align}
$B$H$J$k(B. $B$3$3$G(B, $BHsCO9UIw@.J,$OCO9UIw@.J,$KHf$Y$F>.$5$$$3$H$+$i(B, $B6a;w$H$7$F(B (3.36) $B$N8e$mB&$N(B $\partial\bar{q}/\partial\theta$ $B$r(B
\begin{displaymath}
\DP{\bar{q}}{\theta}=\DP{}{\theta}(2\Omega\sin{\theta})=2\Omega\cos{\theta}
\end{displaymath}
$B$H$9$k$H(B
\begin{align}
&\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\biggl[\frac{\sin{\theta}}{\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}\biggl(\frac{\cos{\theta}}{\sin{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\theta}\biggr)+\frac{1}{\cos^2{\theta}}\frac{\partial^2\phi'}{\partial\lambda^2}+4\Omega^2a^2\sin^2{\theta}\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}\biggl(\frac{p}{N^2}\DP{\phi'}{z}\biggr)\biggr] \notag \\
+&\DP{\bar{q}}{\theta}\frac{1}{\cos{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\lambda}-\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\biggl(\frac{\cos{\theta}}{\sin{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\theta}\biggr)=0
\end{align}
$B$H$J$j(B, $B$5$i$K(B
\begin{displaymath}
\frac{\sin^2{\theta}}{\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}\biggl(\frac{\cos{\theta}}{\sin^2{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\theta}\biggr)=\frac{\sin{\theta}}{\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}\biggl(\frac{\cos{\theta}}{\sin{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\theta}\biggr)-\frac{\cos{\theta}}{\sin{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\theta}
\end{displaymath}
$B$G$"$k$+$i(B (3.37) $B$O(B
\begin{align}
\biggl(\DP{}{t}+\bar{\omega}\DP{}{\lambda}\biggr)\biggl[&\frac{\sin^2{\theta}}{\cos{\theta}}\DP{}{\theta}\biggl(\frac{\cos{\theta}}{\sin^2{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\theta}\biggr)+\frac{1}{\cos^2{\theta}}\frac{\partial^2\phi'}{\partial\lambda^2} \notag \\
&+4\Omega^2a^2\sin^2{\theta}\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}\biggl(\frac{p}{N^2}\DP{\phi'}{z}\biggr)\biggr]+\DP{\bar{q}}{\theta}\frac{1}{\cos{\theta}}\DP{\phi'}{\lambda}=0
\end{align}
$B$H$J$k(B. $B$3$l$,(B Matsuno (1971) $B$K$*$1$k%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$N1tD>EAGE$K4X$9$k;YG[J}Dx<0$G$"$k(B.

\section{$BF3=P2aDx$N$^$H$a(B}

$BA0@a$K$*$$$F(B, Matsuno (1971) $B$K$*$1$k@.AX7wFMA3>:29$NNO3X%b%G%k$K$*$$$FMQ$$$i$l$?(B, $B%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$N1tD>EAGE$K4X$9$k;YG[J}Dx<0$rF3=P$7$?(B. $BA0@a$K$*$$$FFC$K=EMW$H;W$o$l$k;vJA$K$D$$$F$^$H$a$k$H(B, $B0J2<$N$h$&$K$J$k(B.
\begin{enumerate}
\item{$B4pAC$H$J$kJ}Dx<07O$O(B, $B5eLL>e$NBP?t05NO:BI8$K$*$1$k%W%j%_%F%#%VJ}Dx<0$G$"$k(B.}
\item{$B;YG[J}Dx<0$O(B, $B4pK\E*$K$O=`CO9U120LJ}Dx<0$G$"$k(B.}
\item{$B;YG[J}Dx<0$O%8%*%]%F%s%7%c%k$NBS>uJ?6Q$+$i$N$:$l$N;~4VH/E8(B, $B$D$^$jEy05LL$N>e2<JQF0$,EAGE$9$kMM;R$rI=8=$9$k(B.}
\item{$BH/8+E*$J<0JQ7A$,MQ$$$i$l$F$$$k(B.}
\end{enumerate}
$B0J2<$G$O>e5-(B 4 $B$K$D$$$F6qBNE*$K=R$Y$k(B.

\subsection*{$BHsCO9UIw@.J,$NF3F~(B}

Matsuno (1971) $B$K$h$l$P(B, (3.33) $B$GDj5A$5$l$k=`CO9UFnKLB.EY(B $v'$ $B$H(B (3.34) $B$GDj5A$5$l$k=`CO9U12EY(B $\zeta'$ $B$r120LJ}Dx<0(B (3.31) $B$KBeF~$7$FF@$i$l$kJ}Dx<0$K$O%(%M%k%.!<E*$JL7=b$,$"$k(B. $B$=$NL7=b$N2r7hK!$H$7$F(B, (3.31) $B:G=*9`$N(B $v'$ $B$K$N$_(B (3.33) $B$G$O$J$/(B (3.35) $B$GDj5A$5$l$k(B $v'$ $B$rBeF~$9$k$H$$$&J}K!$,MQ$$$i$l$F$$$k(B. (3.35) $B$GDj5A$5$l$k(B $v'$ $B$OHsCO9UN.@.J,$r4^$s$G$$$k(B. $B$3$N2r7hK!$OO@M}E*$KF3$+$l$?$b$N$G$O$J$$$,(B, $B$3$NJ}K!$rMQ$$$k$3$H$G%(%M%k%.!<E*$JL7=b$O@8$8$J$/$J$k$H$$$&(B.

\subsection*{($BHsCO9UIw@.J,(B)$\ll$($BCO9UIw@.J,(B) $B$N2>Dj(B}

$BBS>uJ?6Q120L$N0^EY8{G[(B $\partial\bar{q}/\partial\theta$ $B$O4pK\E*$K(B
\begin{displaymath}
\DP{\bar{q}}{\theta}=\DP{\bar{Z}}{\theta}-4\Omega^2a^2\sin^2{\theta}\cos{\theta}\frac{1}{p}\DP{}{z}\biggl(\frac{p}{N^2}\DP{\bar{\omega}}{z}\biggr)
\end{displaymath}
$B$HI=$5$l$F$$$k$,(B, (3.36) $B$+$i(B (3.37) $B$X$NJQ7A$K$*$$$F(B, $BHsCO9UIw@.J,$K3]$+$k(B $\partial\bar{q}/\partial\theta$ $B$N$_0EL[E*$K(B
\begin{displaymath}
\DP{\bar{q}}{\theta}=\DP{}{\theta}(2\Omega\sin{\theta})=2\Omega\cos{\theta}
\end{displaymath}
$B$H6a;w$5$l$F$$$k(B. $B3N$+$K(B, $BBS>uJ?6Q120L$N0^EY8{G[$K:G$bBg$-$/4sM?$9$k$N$O%3%j%*%j%Q%i%a!<%?!<$N0^EY8{G[(B $2\Omega\cos{\theta}$ $B$G$"$k$,(B, (3.35) $B$K$*$1$kHsCO9UIw@.J,$,CO9UIw@.J,$HHf$Y$F$I$NDxEY>.$5$$$N$+$H$$$&5DO@$O(B, Matsuno (1971) $B$d$=$N@h9T8&5f$G$"$k(B Matsuno (1970) $B$G$O$J$5$l$F$$$J$$$?$a(B, $B$3$N$h$&$J6a;w$r$7$F$h$$$H$$$&O@M}E*$JN"IU$1$O$J$$$h$&$K;W$o$l$k(B. ($BHsCO9UIw@.J,(B)$\ll$($BCO9UIw@.J,(B) $B$H(B, $B0E$K2>Dj$5$l$F$$$k$N$G$"$m$&(B.

\subsection*{$B12EYJ}Dx<0$NF3=P2aDx$K$*$1$k2?$i$+$N6a;w(B}

$BK\O@J8$G$O12EYJ}Dx<0(B (3.23) $B$r@53N$KF3=P$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$F$$$J$$(B. $B2?$b2>Dj$;$:$K7W;;$7$?$N$G$O(B, (3.21) $B$H(B (3.22) $B$+$i(B (3.23) $B$rF@$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$+$C$?(B. (3.23) $B$rF3=P$9$k$K$O(B, $B2?$i$+$N6a;w$,I,MW$G$"$k$H;W$o$l$k(B.

\chapter{$B9M;!(B}

\markright{$BBh(B\arabic{chapter}$B>O(B\;\;\;\;$B9M;!(B}


$B$3$3$G$O(B, Matsuno (1971) $B$K$*$$$F(B, 2 $BDL$j$N%1!<%9$N$b$H$G(B, (3.38) $B$K4p$E$-;~4V@QJ,$r9T$&$3$H$K$h$C$FF@$i$l$?(B, $B%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$,EAGE$9$kMM;R$K$D$$$F9M;!$9$k(B.

$B$^$:(B, Matsuno (1971) $B$K$*$1$k7W;;>r7o$r0J2<$K<($9(B.
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=13cm,angle=0,clip]{condition.eps}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\\
$B<!$K(B, $B7W;;7k2L$H$7$F(B, $B;~4V$H9bEY$N4X?t$GI=$7$?(B, $60^\circ$N $B$G$N%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$N?6I}$r?^(B 4.1 $B$*$h$S?^(B 4.2 $B$K<($9(B.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.4.eps}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
$B?^(B 4.1: \footnotesize{$B%1!<%9(B 1 $B$K$*$1$k(B $60^\circ N$ $B$G$N%W%i%M%?%j!<GH(B
 $B$N?6I}(B (Matsuno, 1971).}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.12.eps}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
$B?^(B 4.2: \footnotesize{$B%1!<%9(B 2 $B$K$*$1$k(B $60^\circ N$ $B$G$N%W%i%M%?%j!<GH(B
 $B$N?6I}(B (Matsuno, 1971).}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
$B$J$*(B, $B1FIU$-$NNN0h$OJ?6QElIw$rI=$9(B.

$BF10l;~9o!&9bEY$GHf3S$9$k$H(B, $B%1!<%9(B 1 $B$G$O%1!<%9(B 2 $B$h$j$b%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$N?6I}$,35$MBg$-$$$h$&$K8+$($k(B (10 $BF|L\$4$m$N>eAX$G82Cx(B). $B$3$l$O(B, $BGH?t$,>.$5$$(B, $B$9$J$o$AGHD9$,D9$$%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NJ}$,>eAX$^$G8zN($h$/EAGE$9$k$H$$$&$3$H$r<(:6$7$F$$$k$H;W$o$l$k(B. $B%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$N$3$N$h$&$J@-<A$O(B, Matsuno (1970) $B$K$*$$$F<($5$l$F$$$k(B.

$B%1!<%9(B 2 $B$NJ}$,%1!<%9(B 1 $B$h$j$b?6I}$NJQ2=$NMM;R$,J#;($G$"$k$h$&$K8+$($k(B. $B$3$l$O(B, $B%1!<%9(B 2 $B$NJ}$,$h$j8=<B$K6a$$J#;($J@_Dj$r$7$F$$$k$?$a$H;W$o$l$k(B.

\chapter{$B$^$H$a(B}

\markright{$BBh(B\arabic{chapter}$B>O(B\;\;\;\;$B$^$H$a(B}

$BBh(B 3 $B>O$K$*$$$F(B, Matsuno (1971) $B$N%b%G%k$K$*$1$k;YG[J}Dx<0$N0lIt$rF3=P$7$?(B. $B;YG[J}Dx<0$r$9$Y$FF3=P$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$+$C$?$,(B, $BGH$N1tD>EAGE$K4X$9$kJ}Dx<0$rF3=P$7$?$3$H$G(B, $BBg5$NO3X$KBP$9$kM}2r$O$"$kDxEY?<$^$C$?(B. $B:#8e$O;D$j$N;YG[J}Dx<0$rF3=P$9$k$3$H$G(B, $BGH$HJ?6QIw$NAj8_:nMQ$K$D$$$F$NM}2r$r?<$a$?$$(B.

$BBh(B 4 $B>O$K$*$$$F(B, Matsuno (1971) $B$N7W;;7k2L$K$D$$$F9M;!$7$?(B. $B:#8e(B, $B$5$i$K>\:Y$GDjNLE*$J9M;!$r$7$F$$$-$?$$(B.

\chapter*{$BIUO?(B: Matsuno (1971) $B$NA4Lu(B}

\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{$BIUO?(B: Matsuno (1971) $B$NA4Lu(B}

\markright{$BIUO?(B: Matsuno (1971) $B$NA4Lu(B}

\section*{\center $B@.AX7wFMA3>:29$NNO3X%b%G%k(B}

\begin{center}
$B>>LnB@O:(B
\end{center}

\subsection*{\center $BMW;](B}

$B@.AX7wFMA3>:298=>]$NNO3X$O1tD>$KEAGE$9$k%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NBS>uIw$H$NAj8_:nMQ$K$h$C$F5DO@$5$l$k(B. $BA45e5,LO$N>qMp$,BPN.7w$K$*$$$FH/@8$7$?$J$i$P(B, $B$=$l$O>e8~$-$KBPN.7w$XEAGE$9$k(B. $BBPN.7w$G$=$NGH$O;R8aLL=[4D$NM6F3$rDL$7$F6KLk%8%'%C%H$r8:B.$5$;$k$h$&$K$U$k$^$&(B. $B$=$N$h$&$K$7$F(B, $B6K12$NOD$_$d?j<e$,5/$3$k(B. $B>qMp$,7c$7$/$+$D;}B3$9$k$J$i$P(B, $B@>Iw%8%'%C%H$O$D$$$K$O>CLG$7ElIw$,$H$C$F$+$o$k$@$m$&(B. $B$3$N$H$-!VNW3&AXAj8_:nMQ!W$,@8$8$k(B. $B$5$i$K8@$($P>qMp$N<e$^$j$N30$KElIw$NA}Bg$H6KCOBg5$$N5^B.$J>:29$,5/$3$k$HM=A[$5$l$k(B. $B%b%G%k$OCGG.E*$GCO9UN.E*$J120LJ}Dx<0$N?tCM@QJ,$K$h$C$FN)>Z$5$l$k(B. $B7W;;7k2L$OFMA3>:298=>]$K8+$i$l$k$3$l$i$NFCD'$r$b$C$F$$$k(B.

\subsection*{1. $B$O$8$a$K(B}

$B$3$N8&5f$NL\E*$O%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NEAGE$H%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NBS>uIw$H$NAj8_:nMQ$N9M;!$K4p$E$-@.AX7wFMA3>:298=>]$NNO3X%b%G%k$r9=C[$9$k$3$H$G$"$k(B. $BFMA3>:29%$%Y%s%H$OB?$/$N8=>]$NJ#9gBN$G$"$k(B. $B$=$l$i$NCf$G<!$N;0$D$N<gMW$JFCD'$K4X?4$r;}$H$&(B. 1) $B@.AX7w$N6K12$NOD$_$d?j<e(B. 2) $B6KCOBg5$$NFMA3>:29(B ($B$3$l$O$D$$$K$O;R8aLL29EY8{G[$N5UE>$K5"Ce$9$k(B). 3) $B@>$+$i$N6KLk%8%'%C%H$N<e$^$j$d>CLG$KB3$$$F5/$3$k6KCO$r2s$kElIw$N=P8=(B\footnote{
$B$3$NO@J8$G$O6hJL$,I,MW$G$J$$8B$j(B, $B!VFMA3>:29!W$H$$$&8l6g$O$3$l$i$N8=>]$9$Y$F$K8@5Z$9$k$N$K;H$o$l$k(B.
}. $B$3$N8&5f$G$OCGG.E*$GCO9UN.E*$J120LJ}Dx<0$r2r$/$3$H$K$h$C$F$3$l$i$N8=>]$r@bL@$7$h$&$H;n$_$k(B.

$B:#$^$G(B, $BFMA3>:29$N860x$K$D$$$FMM!9$J8+CO$+$iB?$/$NCx<T$,5DO@$7$F$-$?(B. $BM}O@E*$J8&5f$O<g$K6KLk%8%'%C%H$N0BDj@-$N6cL#$K4X$9$k$b$N$G$"$k(B (Fleagle 1958, Murray 1960, Charney and Stern 1962, Lindzen 1966, McIntyre 1971). $B$3$l$i$N7k2L$K$h$k$H(B, $B6KLk%8%'%C%H$OGH$K$h$k>qMp$KBP$7$F0BDj$G$O$J$$$@$m$&$,(B, $BIT0BDj$NDxEY$O<B:]$K4QB,$5$l$F$$$k8=>]$r@bL@$9$k$K$OIT==J,$@$H;W$o$l$k(B. $B6KCOBg5$$,>:29$9$k860x$O$3$l$i$N8&5f$G$O>\:Y$KD4$Y$i$l$F$$$J$$(B. $B$=$N>e(B, Wexler (1959) $B$G;XE&$5$l$F$$$k$h$&$K(B, $BIT0BDj$5$,860x$G<+H/E*$K?j<e$,5/$3$k$J$i$P(B, $B$J$<6KLk%8%'%C%H$OFnH>5e$G$O0BDj$rJ]$C$F$$$k$N$@$m$&(B. $BFnH>5e$N6KLk%8%'%C%H$OKLH>5e$NF1MM$N>l=j$HHf$Y$F$$$C$=$&6/Nu$@(B. $B$I$&$d$i(B, $BOG@15,LO$N>qMp$,>:29%$%Y%s%H$r0z$-5/$3$97hDjE*$JLr3d$r2L$?$7$F$$$k$h$&$G(B ($B$3$N>qMp$OE_$NKLH>5e$K$[$\>o$KB8:_$9$k(B), $B$=$7$F$*$=$i$/>qMp$N5f6K$NH/C<$OCO5eI=LL$NIT6Q<A@-$N2<$G>7$+$l$k$O$:$@(B (Reed 1963 $B$r;2>H$;$h(B).

Reed $et\;al.$ (1963), Miyakoda (1963), Julian and Labitzke (1965), Muench (1965), Murakami (1965), Perry (1967), Mahlman (1969) $B$G$OCH8u4|$K$*$1$k@.AX7w$N%(%M%k%.!<O@$dG.%P%i%s%9$r8&5f$7$F$$$k(B. $B$3$l$i$N8&5f$O>:29$K@hN)$C$F5/$3$k@.AX7w$G$N%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$N0[>o$JH/C#$,BPN.7w$+$i6!5k$5$l$k%(%M%k%.!<$K$h$C$F<g$K0z$-5/$3$5$l$k$H$$$&$3$H$H6KLk%8%'%C%H$N<e$^$j$O%(%M%k%.!<$N12$X$NJQ49$,860x$H$O9M$($i$l$J$$$H$$$&$3$H$r<($7$F$$$k(B. $B8@$$49$($l$P(B, $B%8%'%C%H$NIT0BDj$5$O$=$N>CLG$N860x$G$O$J$$$h$&$G$"$k(B. $B$3$l$i$N7k2L$N=EMW$J$b$&0l$D$N0E<($O@.AX7w$NBg5$$O%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NB8:_$,860x$G>o$K6/$$CGG.>e>:$dCGG.2<9_$r<u$1$F$$$k$H$$$&$3$H$G$"$k(B. $B$7$?$,$C$F(B, $BGH$N9=B$$NJQ2=$O>:29%$%Y%s%H$K$*$$$F4QB,$5$l$F$$$kCM$[$I$NBg$-$J29EYJQ2=$r$b$?$i$9$@$m$&(B.

$B$3$N$h$&$K(B, $B@h9T8&5f$N7k2L$+$i$3$N6/@)$5$l$?%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$N1F6A$rFMA3>:29$NM}O@$K$*$$$F:,5r$H$7$FEvA3<h$jF~$l$k$Y$-$G$"$m$&(B. $B$7$?$,$C$F(B, Matsuno and Hirota (1966) $B$H(B Hirota (1967a) $B$O$3$NLdBj$r!V4q7A6K12$N=g05IT0BDj!W$H$7$F8x<02=$7$?(B. $B$=$l$i$N7k2L$OOD$s$@N.$l$,40A4$J1_7A$NN.$l$h$jIT0BDj$G$"$k$3$H$r<($7$F$$$k$,(B, Miyakoda ($BHs8x<0J8=q(B) $B$K$h$C$F$J$5$l$?M}O@$N$5$i$J$k9M;!$G$O$3$N7?$NIT0BDj$N2DG=@-$O3NG'$5$l$F$$$J$$(B.

$B$b$&0l$D$N8&5f<jK!$K$OCO7A$d%*%>%s8w2=3X$J$I$N8z2L$H$$$C$?J#;($J2aDx$r07$&?tCM<B83$,I,MW$G$"$k(B. Byron-Scott (1967), Manabe and Hunt (1968), Clark (1970) $B$O@.AX7w$NE_$N=[4D$r?tCME*$K8&5f$72r$NCf$+$i;w$?8=>]$r8+$D$1$h$&$H$7$?(B. Miyakoda $et\;al.$ (1970) $B$O6KLk12$N>CLG$NLO5<<B83$r$7$h$&$H;n$_$?(B. $B$3$N$H$-=i4|>r7o$H$7$F8=<B$N%G!<%?72$rMQ$$$?(B. $B$3$l$i$N<B83$N7k2L$OFMA3>:29$HF1$8@-<A$N8=>]$r$b$?$i$9$3$H$K$"$kDxEY@.8y$7$?$,(B, $B7W;;7k2L$OA0=R$N;0$DFCD'$9$Y$F$r;}$C$F$O$$$J$$(B. $B%(%M%k%.!<O@$N2r@O$K$h$C$FH`$i$OBg5$$N$h$jDc$$ItJ,$+$iGH$N>qMp$,4SF~$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F8=>]$,K\<AE*$KH/@8$9$k$3$H$r3N$+$a$?(B. $B$7$+$7$J$,$i(B, $B8=>]$N>\:Y$J;EAH$_$KBP$9$k99$J$k8+<1$OF@$i$l$F$$$J$$(B.

$B?tCM<B83$r;O$a$k$K$"$?$C$F(B, $B$3$l$i$N8&5f<T$OFMA3>:29$N860x$H$7$F$$$+$J$k6qBNE*$J2aDx$b2>Dj$7$F$$$J$$(B. $BH`$i$ONO3X>e(B, $BJ*M}3X>e5/$3$j$&$k$9$Y$F$N8z2L$r4^$`$b$N$H$7$F?tCM%b%G%k$r3+H/$7(B, $B2r$K>:29$N$h$&$J8=>]$,F@$i$l$?$"$H$G(B, $B$=$NM3Mh$r5a$a$h$&$H$7$?(B. $B5U$K$3$N8&5f$G$O(B, $B$^$:FMA3>:29$N$h$j6qBNE*$J%b%G%k$r2>Dj$7(B, $B$=$7$F?tCM7W;;$K$h$C$F$=$NBEEv@-$r>ZL@$9$k(B. $BBh(B 2 $B@a$G$O$"$kHs>o$KC1=c$J>u67$rM}O@E*$K9M;!$9$k$3$H$G%b%G%k$NJ*M}E*$J;EAH$_$r5DO@$9$k(B. $B8eB3$N@a$G$O?tCM@QJ,$K$h$C$F$h$j8=<BE*$J%b%G%k$r07$&(B.

\subsection*{2. $B%b%G%k$N;EAH$_(B}

$B2f!9$N%b%G%k$O4pK\E*$K%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NEAGE$H%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NBS>uIw$H$NAj8_:nMQ$+$i@.$jN)$C$F$$$k(B. $B$3$l$i$NBP>]$K$D$$$F$N0lHLM}O@$O(B Charney and Drazin (1961), Eliassen and Palm (1961), Dickinson (1968a, 1969) $B$,H/E8$5$;$F$-$?(B. $B0J2<$G$O$^$:$3$l$i$N@h9T8&5f$r:F8!F$$7(B, $B$=$7$FHf3SE*=EMW$J9`L\$K$*$$$F2f!9$NFMA3>:29$N%b%G%k$K4X$9$k$"$k6qBNE*$JLdBj$r5DO@$9$k(B.

\subsubsection*{a. $B%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NEAGE(B}

Charney and Drazin (1961) $B$K$h$k$H(B, $B0lHLIw$,2:$d$+$J@>Iw$J$i$P(B, $BOG@15,LO$NCO9UN.E*$J>qMp$OBPN.7w$+$i@.AX7w$X$HEAGE$7$&$k(B\footnote{
$BGH$N0LAjB.EY$K4X78$,$"$k(B. $BJ8=q$N8eB3$NItJ,$K$*$$$F(B, $BDdBZ$7$?>qMp$N$_$r9MN8$9$k(B. $B$9$J$o$A(B, $B$=$N0LAjB.EY$O%<%m$G$"$k(B.
}. $B4QB,$5$l$?IwJ,I[$rMQ$$$?7W;;7k2L(B (Matsuno 1970) $B$OBS>uGH?t$,(B 1 $B$H(B 2 $B$N>qMp$O$b$7$+$9$k$H1tD>$KEAGE$9$k2DG=@-$,$"$k$3$H$r<($7$F$$$k(B. $B$7$+$7(B, $B8e<T$NGH$OEAGE$,2DG=$J8B3&$KHs>o$K6a$$(B. $B%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$OElIw$N2<$G$OEAGE$G$-$:(B, $BGH$,NW3&9b$5(B ($BBS>uIwB.$,%<%m$H$J$k9b$5(B) $B$KC#$9$k$HGH$N?6I}$O5^B.$K8:>/$7(B, $BGH$N%(%M%k%.!<$NN.$l$O%<%m$K$J$k$H$$$&$3$H$bCN$i$l$F$$$k(B. $B$$$:$l$N;v<B$bGH$,$=$3$G5[<}$5$l$k$3$H$r0E<($7$F$$$k(B (Eliassen and Palm 1961, Dickinson 1968a). $B$=$N9b$5$,?eJ?$J$i$P(B, $BGH$K$h$k;R8aLLG.M"Aw$O@>Iw$NAX$K$*$$$F0lDj$G$"$j(B, $BNW3&9b$5$G0l5$$K%<%m$K$J$k(B (Dickinson 1968a). $BGH$N2r$N0l3,HyJ,$O$=$3$GBP?t4X?tE*$JL58BBg$r<($9(B. $B$3$l$OEAGEJ}Dx<0$NFC0[@-$KBP$9$k1~Ez$G$"$k(B (Charney and Drazin 1961). $BJ*M}E*$J0E<($O29EY>qMp$N?6I}$,NW3&9b$5$NIU6a$GHs>o$KBg$-$$$H$$$&$3$H$G$"$k(B. $BGH$N0J>e$G?($l$?FC0[$J?6$kIq$$$ODj:_>uBV$N2r$KM3Mh$9$k(B. $B$3$NM}M3$OD94|4V;}B3$9$kGH$KM-8z$G$"$m$&(B (Dickinson 1970).

\subsubsection*{b. $B%A%c!<%K!<!&%I%i%8%s$NDjM}(B}

Charney and Drazin (1961) $B$OBS>uJ?6Q>l$N1tD>EAGE$9$k%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$K$h$kJQ2=$O(B, $BFs<!$^$G$N%*!<%@!<$N8z2L$H$7$F$O%<%m$K$J$k$O$:$G$"$k$3$H$r<($7$?(B. $BBS>uJ?6QEy05LL9bEY(B $\overline{\phi}$ $B$N;~4VJQ2=$O(B
\begin{equation}
\overline{\mathcal{L}}\biggl(\DP{\overline{\phi}}{t}\biggr)=-\frac{\partial}{\partial y}\biggl(\DP{B}{z}-\DP{M}{y}\biggr)
\end{equation}
$B$K$h$C$F7hDj$5$l$k(B. $B$3$3$G(B $\overline{\mathcal{L}}$ $B$O0^EY(B $y$ $B$H9bEY(B $z$ $B$K4X$9$k>JN,7?HyJ,1i;;;R(B\footnote{
$B$3$N1i;;;R$O>hK!Dj?t$r=|$$$F(B, (11) $B$K8=$l$k(B $\overline{\mathcal{L}}$ $B$N%Y!<%?LLHG$HEy$7$$(B.
}$B$G$"$j(B, $B$ $B$H(B $M$ $B$O$=$l$>$l(B, $BGH$K$h$kG.$H1?F0NL$N;R8aLLM"Aw$rI=$7$F$$$k(B. (1) $B$N$h$j6qBNE*$J7A$K$D$$$F$O(B, $BFI<T$O$3$NO@J8$NBh(B 3 $B@a$^$?$O%A%c!<%K!<$H%I%i%8%s$NO@J8$r;2>H$9$k$3$H(B. $B$3$N@a$G$O(B (1) $B$KBP$9$k$"$kFCDj$N2r$NFCD'$K4X$9$k4J7i$J9M;!$N$_$,$J$5$l$k(B.

$BGH$,Dj:_E*$G4pK\IwB.$,$I$3$K$*$$$F$b%<%m$G$J$$$J$i$P(B, $(\partial B/\partial z)-(\partial M/\partial y)$ $B$H$$$&<0$O@#J,0c$o$:%<%m$G$"$k(B (Eliassen and Palm 1961). $B$7$+$7$J$,$i(B, $BNW3&9b$5$,B8:_$7$?$j>/$7$G$b;60o8z2L$,4^$^$l$k$J$i$P(B, (1) $B$N1&JU$O%<%m$K$J$i$J$$(B (Dickinson 1969). (1) $B$N1&JU$,%<%m$K$J$k>r7o$OE_5(@.AX7w$K$*$$$F40A4$K$O<B8=$7$J$$$1$l$I$b(B, $B%A%c!<%K!<!&%I%i%8%s(B (C-D) $B$NDjM}$O0J2<$N0UL#$K$*$$$FBh0l6a;w$KBP$7$FM-8z$G$"$k$H;W$o$l$k(B. $B0lHLE*$K(B, $B%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$OG.$H1?F0NL$rM"Aw$9$k$?$a(B, $B$3$N86M}$O12N.B+$N8z2L$HJ?6Q;R8aLL=[4D$N8z2L$,8_$$$KBG$A>C$79g$&$?$a$KBS>uJ?6Q>l$,J]$?$l$k$H$$$&$3$H$r0UL#$9$k$O$:$@(B. $BBS>uJ?6Q29EYJ}Dx<0$K$*$1$kFs$D$N9`$,BG$A>C$79g$&798~$O(B, $B?tCM<B83(B (Manabe and Hunt 1968) $B$@$1$G$J$/4QB,E*8&5f$K$*$$$F$b8+$$$@$;$k(B. Hirota and Sato (1969) $B$OBS>uIwB.$N<B:]$NJQ2=$O121?F0NLN.B+$N<}B+$H$N4XO"$,Hs>o$KK3$7$$$H$$$&$3$H$r8+$$$@$7(B, C-D $BDjM}$ODL>o$N>uBV$K$*$$$FE,MQ$G$-$k$@$m$&$H$$$&$3$H$r<(:6$7$?(B. $B%(%M%k%.!<JQ49$N7W;;7k2L$OBS>u1?F0%(%M%k%.!<$dBS>u0LCV%(%M%k%.!<$N;~4VJQ2=$H;60o$r9g$o$;$?Bg$-$5$,8D!9$NJQ49$NBg$-$5$h$j$:$C$H>.$5$$$H$$$&$3$H$r<($7$F$$$k(B (Reed $et\;al.$ 1963, Julian and Labitzke 1965). $B$3$l$O>e=R$NBG$A>C$7$rJL$KL@<($7$?$b$N$G$"$k(B. $B$3$N$h$&$K(B, $BDL>o$NE_$N>uBV$G$O(B, $BBS>uJ?6Q$7$?Iw$d29EY$N>l$OB8B3$7$FG.$d1?F0NL$rM"Aw$9$k?6I}$NBg$-$J%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$KBP$7$F$[$H$s$I1~Ez$r<($5$J$$$H$$$($k$@$m$&(B. $BFMA3>:29$r%W%i%M%?%j!<GH!&BS>uIw$NAj8_:nMQ$NOHAH$_$G@bL@$7$h$&$H$9$k$J$i$P(B, $B$"$k>u67$r5a$a$k$Y$-$G$"$k(B. C-D $BDjM}$,E,MQ$G$-$J$$>u67$G$"$k(B.

\subsubsection*{c. $B%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$K$h$kBS>uIw$N2CB.(B}

$B4JC1$N$?$a(B, $B%Y!<%?LL>e$GLdBj$r07$&(B. $B$=$7$FFs$D$N0^EY$K$"$C$F(B, $B1tD>J}8~$KL58B$K$N$P$5$lCOLL$K?bD>$JJI$K$h$C$F?eJ?J}8~$K@)8B$5$l$?Bg5$$r9MN8$9$k(B. $B$5$i$K(B, $B4pK\Iw$O9bEY$N$_$N4X?t$G$"$j%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$N0LAj$O0^EYJ}8~$KJQ2=$7$J$$$H$$$&2>Dj$r$9$k(B. $B%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$O$O$k$+2<J}$+$iEAGE$7$F$$$k(B. $B$3$N>l9gGH$O1?F0NL$rM"Aw$;$:(B, (1) $B$h$jJ?6Q9bEY$NJQ2=$KBP$9$k6/@)$OG.M"Aw$,9b$5$K$h$C$FJQ2=$9$k>l9g$N$_@8$8$k$H$$$&$3$H$,J,$+$k(B.

$B$^$:4pK\Iw%W%m%U%!%$%k$,9bEY(B $z_{c}$ $B$KNW3&9b$5$r$b$D>u67$r9MN8$9$k(B. $B$3$N>l9gG.N.B+$O(B $z_{c}$ $B$r$h$.$k$H$-$K@5$NCM$+$i0l5$$K%<%m$K$J$k(B. $B$3$N$H$-J}Dx<0(B (1) $B$O(B
\begin{equation}
\overline{\mathcal{L}}\biggl(\DP{\overline{\phi}}{t}\biggr)=\frac{\partial}{\partial y}|F(y)|^{2}\delta(z-z_{c})
\end{equation}
$B$H$J$k(B. $B$3$3$G(B $F(y)$ $B$OGH$N?6I}$N(B $y$ $B0MB8@-$rI=$7(B, $B%G%k%?4X?t$OG.N.B+$NHtLv$+$i@8$8$k(B. $BE,Ev$J6-3&>r7o$N2<$GJ}Dx<0$r2r$/$3$H$G(B, $BBS>uJ?6Q$NIw$H29EY$N>l$NJQ2=$,F@$i$l$k(B. $BLdBj$N>\:Y$J?t3XE*2r@O$O$I$3$+$[$+$N$H$3$m$G9T$&$3$H$K$7$F(B, $B$"$kE57?E*$J>l9g$N7k2L$r?^(B 1 $B$K$*$$$F@bL@$9$k(B.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=13cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.1.eps}
\end{center}
$B?^(B 1: {\footnotesize $BNW3&9b$5$KF~<M$9$k%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$K$h$C$F0z$-5/$3$5$l$?BS>uJ?6Q>l$NJQ2=$r;R8aLL$K<($9(B. $B:8(B: $BEy05LL9bEY$N;~4VJQ2=(B ($B<B@~(B, $\mathrm{m\;day^{-1}}$) $B$HBS>uIw$N;~4VJQ2=(B ($B:?@~(B, $\mathrm{m\;sec^{-1}day^{-1}}$). $B1&(B: $B29EY$N;~4VJQ2=(B ($\mathrm{^\circ C\;day^{-1}}$). $BNW3&9b$5$K$*$1$k%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$N?6I}$O(B 500 m $B$H2>Dj$7$F$$$k(B.}
\end{figure}
$BBS>uJ?6Q9bEY$O9b0^EY$G9b$/$J$jDc0^EY$GDc$/$J$k798~$,$"$k(B. $\partial\overline{\phi}/\partial t$ $B$N$3$NJ,I[$KBP1~$7$F(B, $BIi$N(B $\partial\overline{u}/\partial t$ ($B@>Iw@.J,$N8:B.$^$?$OElIw$N2CB.(B) $B$O;R8aCGLL$N$[$\$9$Y$F$KJ,I[$7(B, $BCf0^EY$K$=$NCf?4$,$"$k(B. $BBS>uJ?6Q29EY$N;~4VJQ2=$O?^(B 1 $B$N1&B&$K<($5$l$k(B. $BNW3&9b$5$N$9$02<$N9b0^EY$KCx$7$/>:29$7$F$$$kNN0h$,8+$$$@$5$l$k(B. $B0lJ}Dc0^EY$G$OF1$8Bg$-$5$N9_29$,8=$l$F$$$k(B. $BNW3&9b$5$h$j>e$N29EY798~$O$=$l$h$j2<$H$O5U$G$"$k(B. $B$7$+$7Bg$-$5$O$:$C$H>.$5$$(B. $BJ?6Q;R8aLL=[4D$N35N,?^$O?^(B 2 $B$N:8B&$G@bL@$5$l$F$$$k(B. 
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=13cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.2.eps}
\end{center}
$B?^(B 2: {\footnotesize $BGH$K$h$C$FM6F3$5$l$?J?6Q;R8aLL=[4D(B ($B:8(B) $B$H(B, $B12$N2CG.(B ($BB@<B@~(B), $BJ?6Q1tD>1?F0(B ($B:?@~(B), $B9g@.$7$?29EYJQ2=(B ($B:Y<B@~(B) $B$rI=$929EYJQ2=@.J,$N1tD>J,I[(B ($B1&(B).}
\end{figure}
$B$3$N=[4D$O(B (1) $B$d(B (2) $B$K$O8=$l$F$$$J$$$,(B, $B2r$K0E$K4^$^$l$F$$$k(B. $B>eJ}$XEAGE$9$k%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$O6K$NJ}8~$X$NG.M"Aw$HF1;~$K@8$8$k(B (Eliassen and Palm 1961) $B$?$a(B, $B9b0^EY$G2CG.798~(B, $BDc0^EY$GNd5Q798~$,$"$k(B. $B8e<T$ON.B+$NH/;6$N7k2L$G$"$k(B. $B$3$l$i$N8z2L$O9b0^EY$GBS>uJ?6Q$N>eJ}$X$N1?F0$r(B, $BDc0^EY$G$O2<J}$X$N1?F0$r6/@)$9$k(B. $BG.M"Aw$,NW3&9b$5$h$j>e$G$O%<%m$K$J$k$?$a6/@)$5$l$?1tD>1?F0$O$=$3$G=L>.$9$k(B. $B$=$N$H$-<ANLN.B+$NO"B3@-$N$?$a$KNW3&9b$5IU6a$G9b0^EY$+$iDc0^EY$X$NN.$l$,B8:_$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B. $B$3$N!VGH$,0z$-5/$3$9;R8aLL=[4D!W$K:nMQ$9$k%3%j%*%jNO$,?^(B 1 $B$K8=$l$kElIw$N2CB.$r0z$-5/$3$9(B.

$B29EYJQ2=$O12$N2CG.$HJ?6Q1tD>1?F0$N8z2L$H$N%P%i%s%9$K5/0x$9$k(B. $BNW3&9b$5$h$j2<$G$OA0<T$,8e<T$r>e2s$j(B, $B$7$?$,$C$F9b0^EY$G>:29$,5/$3$k(B. $B$=$l$h$j>e$G$O1tD>1?F0$N$_$,29EYJQ2=$r0z$-5/$3$9(B. $B$3$l$i$N>u67$O?^(B 2 $B$N1&B&$K<($5$l$F$$$k(B. $BNW3&9b$5$+$iBg$-$/N%$l$?9bEY$G$O(B, $B29EYJQ2=$O(B C-D $BDjM}$,0E<($9$k$h$&$KHs>o$K>.$5$$(B.

$B0J>e$G@bL@$5$l$?(B (2) $B$KBP$9$k2r$,!VNW3&9b$5$KF~<M$9$k%m%9%S!<GH$O120L$NFn8~$-M"Aw$r6/@)$9$k!W$H$$$&@<L@(B (Dickinson 1970) $B$H0lCW$7$F$$$k$3$H$KCmL\$9$Y$-$G$"$k(B.

$B<!$K$b$&0l$D$N>u67$r9MN8$7$h$&(B. $B4pK\Iw$O$I$3$G$b@>Iw$G$"$k(B. $B%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$O>e8~$-$KEAGE$7$FDL2a$9$k$@$1$N>uBV$K$"$k(B. $B8@$$49$($l$P(B, $BGH$,$:$C$H2<$+$iH/@8$7$FEAGE$7!$GHNs$N@hC<$,9MN8$9$k;~4V$^$G$KNc$N9bEY(B $z_{f}$ $B$KE~C#$9$k$H2>Dj$9$k(B. $z_{f}$ $B$N$:$C$H2<$G$OGH$O$[$\Dj>o>uBV$KC#$9$k$@$m$&(B. $B$=$N$H$-GH$,860x$NG.N.B+(B [(1) $B$N(B $B$] $B$HF1MM$KGH$N?6I}$O(B $z_{f}$ $B$N6aK5$G9bEY$K$7$?$,$C$F8:>/$9$k$@$m$&(B. $B2f!9$OBS>uJ?6Q>l$KBP$9$k6/@)(B [(1) $B$N(B $\partial B/\partial z$] $B$,K\<AE*$KA0$N>u67$HF1$8$G$"$k$3$H$K5$IU$$$F$$$k(B. $BM#0l$N0c$$$O$3$N>l9g(B $\partial B/\partial z$ $B$,(B $z_{f}$ $B$K6a$$(B $z$ $B$NM-8BNN0h$KJ,I[$9$k$H$$$&$3$H$G$"$k(B. $B0lJ}A0$N>l9g$G$O(B $\partial B/\partial z$ $B$ONW3&9b$5$KHs>o$K=8Cf$7$F$$$F%G%k%?4X?t$K$h$C$FI=8=$5$l$?(B. $B$7$?$,$C$F(B, $B:#$N6/@)$K$h$C$F0z$-5/$3$5$l$?BS>uIw$N2CB.$H29EYJQ2=$O?^(B 1 $B$K<($5$l$F$$$k$b$N$HN`;w$7$F$$$k$O$:$G$"$k(B. $B$?$@$7$h$j3H;6$7$F$$$k$3$H$O=|$/(B. $B$3$N$h$&$K$7$F2f!9$O(B, $BGH$,6/2=>uBV$K$"$k$H$-(B, $B>eJ}EAGE$9$k%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$OBS>u$NElIw$N2CB.$d9b0^EYB&$K$*$1$kBg5$$N>:29$HF1;~$K@8$8$k$H7kO@$E$1$k(B. $BBP>HE*$K(B, $BGH$,?jB`$7$F$$$k$H$-$K$O(B, $BFs<!$N8z2L$O5U$N$h$&$K?6$kIq$&$@$m$&(B. $B$7$+$72f!9$O:#$=$&$$$C$?>u67$K4X?4$,$J$$(B.

$B:#$^$G(B, $BGH$K4XO"$7$?1?F0NLM"Aw$,$J$$>l9g$N$_$r9MN8$7$F$-$?(B. $BBS>u1?F0NL$N?eJ?N.B+$,B8:_$9$k$J$i$P(B, $B$=$l$O?eJ?AX$K$*$1$k1?F0NL$N:FJ,G[$K4sM?$9$k$@$m$&$,(B, $BAX$K$*$1$kA41?F0NL$N@5L#$NJQ2=$O0z$-5/$3$;$J$$(B. $B$7$?$,$C$F(B, $B$?$H$(1?F0NLM"Aw$,$"$k$H$7$F$b(B, $BA0=R$N9M;!$O9-$$HO0O$N0^EY$KEO$C$FF1$8J}8~$K@8$8$kBS>uIw$,$3$N$h$&$JJQ2=$r$9$k$N$KBP$7$FM-8z$G$"$m$&(B.

\subsubsection*{d. $BFMA3>:29$N%b%G%k(B}

$B=i4|;~9o$K$*$$$F(B ($BDL>o$NE_$N%W%m%U%!%$%k$r;}$C$?(B) $BBS>uBP>N=[4D$N$_$,Bg5$A4BN$KB8:_$9$k$H2>Dj$9$k(B. $B$^$?BPN.7w$K$*$$$FOG@15,LO$N>qMp(B ($BBS>uGH?t(B 1, 2) $B$,;~4V$H$H$b$K@.D9$7$F0[>o$KBg$-$$?6I}$K5Z$S(B, $BD94|4V;}B3$9$k$H$b2>Dj$9$k(B. $BB?$/$NCx<T(B ($BNc$($P(B Miyakode 1963) $B$,8@5Z$7$F$$$k$h$&$KJD:I7?=[4D$OBPN.7w$K$*$$$F6KLk%8%'%C%H$N?j<e$HF1;~$K4QB,$5$l$k(B. $B$7$?$,$C$F(B, $B$3$N2>Dj$OF;M}$K$+$J$C$F$$$k(B.

$B2f!9$N5?Ld$O@.AX7w$,BPN.7w$K$*$1$k$3$NGH$N6/@)$K$I$N$h$&$K1~Ez$9$k$+$H$$$&$3$H$G$"$k(B. $BGH$O@.AX7w$X$H>eJ}$KEAGE$9$k$@$m$&(B. $B$3$NEAGE$N4V$K(B, $BGH$O@>Iw%8%'%C%H$N8:B.$r0z$-5/$3$9(B. $B$3$l$OA0=R$N9M;!$G<(:6$5$l$F$$$k$H$*$j$G$"$k(B. $B$3$N$h$&$K(B, $B6KLk%8%'%C%H$O>qMp$,?6I}$rA}Bg$9$k$N$HF1;~$K?j<e$9$k(B. $BAm9gE*$JN.$l$N798~$OJQ7A$7$F8+$($k$@$m$&$7$5$i$K6K12$,?j<e$7$F$$$k$h$&$K8+$($k$@$m$&(B. $B$3$N4|4V(B, $BGH$K5/0x$9$k29EY>qMp$,=EMW$K$J$j(B, $B9b0^EY$G$NBS>uJ?6Q29EY$O$o$:$+$K>e>:$9$k(B. $B$3$l$,;v>]$NBh0lCJ3,$G$"$k(B.

$BElIw$N2CB.$O9bEY$NA}2C$H$H$b$KA}2C$9$k$H;W$o$l$k(B. $B$J$<$J$i$PGH$N?6I}$OBg5$L)EY$N8:>/$H$H$b$KA}2C$9$k$+$i$G$"$k(B. $BNc$N9b$5$G(B, $BGH$,0z$-5/$3$92CB.$O$D$$$K$O@>Iw%8%'%C%H$r2u$7(B, $BElIw%8%'%C%H$r:n$j=P$9$@$m$&(B. $B$R$H$?$SElIw%8%'%C%H$,8=$l$k$H(B, $B$b$&0l$D$N8z2L(B, $BNW3&AXAj8_:nMQ$,Lr3d$rC4$&$h$&$K$J$k(B. $B%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$O$5$i$K>eJ}$XEAGE$G$-$J$$$h$&$K$5$l(B, $B$=$3$G5[<}$5$l$k(B. $B7k2L$H$7$F?6I}$,8:>/$9$k(B. $B6K4'NN0h$N6/Nu$J>:29$,NW3&9b$5$N$9$02<$G5/$3$k$HM=A[$5$l$k(B. $B0lJ}$GJ?6Q29EY$ODc0^EYNN0h$K$*$$$F2<$,$k$@$m$&(B. $B29EY>qMp$ONW3&9b$5IU6a$GBg$-$$$^$^$G$"$m$&(B. $B$3$l$OA0@a$K$*$$$F8@5Z$7$?$H$*$j$G$"$k(B. $BNW3&9b$5IU6a$NElIw$OGH$K$h$C$F2CB.$5$l$k(B. $B$=$l$K4X$7$FGH$O$=$N9b$5$r2<$2$k(B. $B$3$N$h$&$K(B, $B>:29$HIw$NH?E>$O2<J}$X0\$k(B. $B$3$l$,;v>]$NBhFsCJ3,$G$"$k(B.

$B$3$N2aDx(B, $BNW3&9b$5$K$*$1$kGH$N5[<}$H$=$N7k2L$H$7$F5/$3$k$=$N9b$5$NDc2<$O@VF;Iw$N=`FsG/<~4|?6F0$N860x$K4X$9$k(B Lindzen-Holton $B2>@b(B (1968) $B$H6&DL$G$"$k(B. $B$7$+$7$J$,$i(B, $BFs$D$N2CB.$N;EAH$_$OB?>/0[$J$k(B. $BNc$($P(B, $B%j%s%D%'%s!&%[%k%H%s$N?^<0$K$*$$$F$O(B, $BBS>uIw$O@VF;GH$K$h$C$F1tD>$KM"Aw$5$l$kBS>u1?F0NL$N@Q$_=E$M$K$h$C$F<g$K2CB.$5$l$k(B. $B0lJ}$G:#$NLdBj$K$*$$$F$O(B, $B2CB.$OFs<!=[4D$,860x$N%3%j%*%jNO$K5"$5$l$k(B. $BFs<!=[4D$O%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$K$h$kG.M"Aw$K$h$C$FM6F3$5$l$k(B. $BGH$K$h$k$3$l$iFs<oN`$NBS>uIw$N2CB.$O(B Bretherton (1969), Lindzen (1970), Hayashi (1970) $B$K$h$C$F$J$5$l$F$-$?(B.

\subsection*{3. $B4pACJ}Dx<0(B}

$B2f!9$N%b%G%k$OFs$D$N2aDx$+$i@.$jN)$D(B. $BBS>uIwAH?%$K$*$1$k%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NEAGE$HGH$K$h$C$F6/@)$5$l$kBS>uIw$NJQ2=$G$"$k(B. $B$3$l$i$N2aDx$r@bL@$9$k$?$a$K(B, $BFs$D$NItJ,$KJ,3d$7$?CGG.E*$GCO9UN.E*$J120LJ}Dx<0$rMQ$$$k(B. $BFs$D$NItJ,$H$OBS>uJ?6Q$H$=$l$+$i$N$:$l$G$"$k(B. $B29EY$N4pK\>uBV$O0lDj$H$7$F07$&(B. $B$?$@$70^EY8{G[$,8=$l$k9`$K$*$1$k>l9g$O=|$/(B. $B<!$N5-9f$rMQ$$$k(B.
\begin{displaymath}\begin{split}
t&\quad $B;~4V(B \\
\lambda&\quad $B7PEY(B \\
\theta&\quad $B0^EY(B \\
p&\quad $B5$05(B \\
p_{0}&\quad $BE57?E*CO>e5$05(B \\
z&\quad $BI8=`>uBV$K$*$1$kEy05LL$N9bEY(B \\
&\quad \;z=-H\ln{(p/p_{0})}\;$B$HDj5A(B \\
H&\quad $BE57?E*%9%1!<%k9bEY(B\;(7\;\mathrm{km}\;$B$H8+$J$5$l$k(B) \\
a&\quad $BCO5e$NH>7B(B \\
\Omega&\quad $BCO5e$N<+E>$N3QB.EY(B \\
N&\quad $B%V%i%s%H%P%$%5%i?6F0?t(B\;(=2\times10^{-2}\mathrm{sec}^{-1}) \\
u,\;v,\;w&\quad $B$=$l$>$l(B\;\lambda,\;\theta,\;z\;$BJ}8~$NB.EY>qMp(B \\
\phi&\quad $BEy05LL$N9bEY>qMp(B \\
\overline{u},\;\overline{v},\;\overline{w}&\quad $B$=$l$>$l(B\;\lambda,\;\theta,\;z\;$BJ}8~$NBS>uJ?6QB.EY(B \\
\overline{\omega}&\quad \overline{u}/(a\cos{\theta}),\;$BBS>uJ?6Q3QB.EY(B \\
\overline{\phi}&\quad $BEy05LL$NBS>uJ?6Q9bEY(B \\
\overline{Z}&\quad $BBS>uJ?6Q@dBP12EY(B \\
\overline{q}&\quad $BBS>uJ?6Q120L(B \\
\beta&\quad 2\Omega\cos{\theta}/a,\;$B%m%9%S!<%Q%i%a!<%?!<(B \\
\epsilon&\quad 2\Omega/N \\
l&\quad \epsilon a\;(\sim46\;\mathrm{km})
\end{split}\end{displaymath}

\subsubsection*{a. $B>qMpJ}Dx<0(B}

$BBS>uN.$K$A$j$P$a$i$l$?>.$5$$@]F0$KBP$9$k120LJ}Dx<0$O(B
\begin{equation}
\biggl(\frac{\partial}{\partial t}+\overline{\omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial\lambda}\biggr)\mathcal{L}_{p}(\phi)+\frac{\partial\overline{q}}{a\partial\theta}v=0
\end{equation}
$B$H=q$1$k(B. $B$3$3$G(B $\mathcal{L}_{p}$ $B$O(B $\phi$ $B$+$iCO9U120L$r@8$_=P$91i;;;R$r0UL#$9$k(B. $B$=$N7A$O(B (6) $B$HN`;w$7$F$$$k(B. $B2f!9$O$3$3$G$O$=$l$rL@5-$7$J$$(B. (3) $B$K$*$$$F(B, $v$ $B$OCO9UIw$G6a;w$5$l$F$$$k(B. $B$?$@$7(B $\beta$ $B$,3]$+$kItJ,$r=|$/(B. $B$=$3$G$O%(%M%k%.!<E*0l4S@-$N$?$a$KBhFs6a;w(B ($BJQ05Iw@.J,$N;;F~(B) $B$,;H$o$l$k(B (Matsuno 1970). $B$7$?$,$C$F(B $v$ $B$r(B
\begin{equation}
v=\frac{1}{2\Omega\sin{\theta}}\biggl[\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\DP{\phi}{\lambda}+\biggl(\frac{\partial}{\partial t}+\overline{\omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial\lambda}\biggr)u_{g}\biggr]
\end{equation}
$B$HI=8=$9$k(B. $B$3$3$G(B $u_{g}$ $B$OCO9UIw$N(B $u$ $B@.J,$G$"$k(B. (4) $B$r(B (3) $B$KBeF~$9$k$H(B
\begin{equation}
\biggl(\frac{\partial}{\partial t}+\overline{\omega}\frac{\partial}{\partial\lambda}\biggr)\mathcal{L}(\phi)+\DP{\overline{q}}{\theta}\frac{1}{\sin^{2}{\theta}\cos{\theta}}\DP{\phi}{\lambda}=0
\end{equation}
$B$rF@$k(B. $B$3$3$G(B $\mathcal{L}$ $B$O(B
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L}\equiv\frac{1}{\cos{\theta}}\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}\biggl(\frac{\cos{\theta}}{\sin^{2}{\theta}}\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}\biggr)+\frac{1}{\cos^{2}{\theta}\sin^{2}{\theta}}\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial\lambda^{2}}+l^{2}\frac{1}{p\partial z}\biggl(p\frac{\partial}{\partial z}\biggr)
\end{equation}
$B$HDj5A$5$l(B, $\partial\overline{q}/\partial\theta$ $B$OBS>uJ?6Q120L$N0^EY8{G[$G$"$j(B, $\overline{\omega}$ $B$K$h$C$F(B
\begin{equation}
\DP{\overline{q}}{\theta}=a\beta-\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}\biggl[\frac{1}{\cos{\theta}}\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}(\overline{\omega}\cos^{2}{\theta})\biggr]-l^{2}\sin^{2}{\theta}\cos{\theta}\frac{1}{p}\frac{\partial}{\partial z}\biggl(p\DP{\overline{\omega}}{z}\biggr)
\end{equation}
$B$H=q$1$k(B.

\subsubsection*{b. $BBS>uJ?6QJ}Dx<0(B}

$BBS>uJ?6Q$N3Q1?F0NL$HAX8|$KBP$9$kJ}Dx<0$HO"B3$N<0$O(B
\begin{align}
\cos{\theta}\DP{\overline{u}}{t}+\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}(\overline{uv}\cos^{2}{\theta})-2\Omega\sin{\theta}\cos{\theta\overline{v}}&=0, \\
\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\biggl(\DP{\overline{\phi}}{z}\biggr)+\frac{1}{a\cos{\theta}}\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}\biggl(\overline{\DP{\phi}{z}\cdot v}\cos{\theta}\biggr)+N^{2}\overline{w}&=0, \\
\frac{\partial}{a\partial\theta}(p\overline{v}\cos{\theta})+\frac{\partial}{\partial z}(p\overline{w}\cos{\theta})&=0
\end{align}
$B$H=q$1$k(B. $B$3$3$G>e@~$O0^EY1_$KEO$kJ?6Q$r0UL#$9$k(B. $B$7$?$,$C$F(B, $\overline{uv}$ $B$H(B $\overline{(\partial\phi/\partial z)}$ $B$O$=$l$>$l121?F0NL$HAX8|N.B+$rI=$9(B. $BCO9UIw$rMQ$$$F$=$l$i$r5a$a(B, $\overline{v}$ $B$H(B $\overline{w}$ $B$r>C5n$9$k$H(B
\begin{align}
\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\overline{\mathcal{L}}(\overline{\phi})+\frac{1}{2\Omega a^{2}\cos{\theta}}\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}\biggl[\frac{1}{\sin{\theta}\cos{\theta}}\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}\biggl(\frac{\cos{\theta}}{\sin^{2}{\theta}}\overline{\DP{\phi}{\theta}\DP{\phi}{\lambda}}\biggr) \notag \\
+\frac{l^{2}}{\sin{\theta}}\frac{1}{p}\frac{\partial}{\partial z}\biggl(p\overline{\DP{\phi}{z}\DP{\phi}{\lambda}}\biggr)\biggr]=0
\end{align}
$B$rF@$k(B. $B$3$3$G(B $\overline{\mathcal{L}}$ $B$O(B (6) $B$K$*$$$F(B $\partial/\partial\lambda=0$ $B$HDj$a$k$3$H$GF@$i$l$k1i;;;R$r0UL#$9$k(B.

$BJ}Dx<0(B (5) $B$H(B (11) $B$O(B $\phi$ $B$H(B $\overline{\phi}$ $B$N;~4VH/E8$r7hDj$9$k$?$a$NJD=89g$r7A:n$k(B. $BJ}Dx<0(B (5) $B$O(B Matsuno (1970) $B$G07$o$l$?J}Dx<0$HEy$7$$(B. $B$=$NO@J8$G$O(B $\overline{\omega}$ $B$r5,Dj$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NDj>o>uBV$,F@$i$l$?(B. $B$3$NJ}Dx<0$OF1$8LdBj$N2r@O$KBP$7$F(B Dickinson (1968b) $B$K$h$C$FF@$i$l$?$b$N$H$bN`;w$7$F$$$k(B. $B$=$l$OG$0U$KJ,I[$7$?BS>uB.EY$r$b$D%8%'%C%H$N0BDj@-2r@O$KBP$7$F(B Charney and Stern (1962) $B$dB>$NCx<T$,MQ$$$?J}Dx<0$H$bK\<AE*$K$OF1$8$b$N$G$"$k(B. $B$7$?$,$C$F(B, $BIT0BDj$,@8$8$?$J$i$P(B, (5) $B$O%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NEAGE$K2C$($F=g05E*$d7905E*$JGH$N@.D9$bI=$9$@$m$&(B.

$BJ}Dx<0(B (11) $B$O(B Charney and Drazin (1961) $B$,07$C$?N`;w$7$?J}Dx<0$r3HD%$7$?7A$G$"$k(B. $B$=$NJ}Dx<0$K$D$$$F$OBh(B 2 $B@a$N(B (1) $B$d(B, $B$^$?(B Dickinson (1969) $B$J$I$r;2>H$;$h(B.

$B0lHL$K(B, (5) $B$N2r$O(B $\lambda$ $B$K$D$$$F$N%U!<%j%(5i?t$GI=8=$G$-$k(B. $B$7$+$7$J$,$i(B, $B$3$N8&5f$G$O2r$,0l$D$NGH$N@.J,$N$_$r;}$D>l9g$K9M;!$r8BDj$9$k(B. $B$5$i$K(B, $B=>B0JQ?t(B $\phi$ $B$H(B $\overline{\phi}$ $B$r(B $\psi$ $B$H(B $\overline{\psi}$ $B$KJQ49$9$k(B. $BJQ49$O<!$NDL$jL)EY$N1F6A$rI=$99`$rJ,N%$7$F9T$&(B.
\begin{align}
\phi(\lambda,\theta,z,t)&=e^{im\lambda}e^{z/2H}\psi(\theta,z,t), \\
\overline{\phi}(\theta,z,t)&=e^{z/2H}\overline{\psi}(\theta,z,t).
\end{align}
$BE,@Z$JCV49$r9T$&$H(B, $B$=$N$H$-(B (5) $B$H(B (11) $B$O(B
\begin{align}
\biggl(\frac{\partial}{\partial t}+im\overline{\omega}\biggr)\mathcal{L}_{m}(\psi)+\DP{\overline{q}}{\theta}\frac{im}{\sin^{2}{\theta}\cos{\theta}}\psi&=0, \\
\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\mathcal{L}_{0}(\overline{\psi})+\frac{m}{4\Omega a^{2}}e^{z/2H}\frac{1}{\cos{\theta}}\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}\biggl[\frac{1}{\sin{\theta}}\mathrm{Im}(\psi^{*}\mathcal{L}_{m}\psi)\biggr]&=0
\end{align}
$B$H$J$k(B. $B$3$3$G(B $\mathcal{L}_{m}$ $B$O(B
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L}_{m}\equiv\frac{1}{\cos{\theta}}\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}\biggl(\frac{\cos{\theta}}{\sin^{2}{\theta}}\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}\biggr)+l^{2}\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial z^{2}}-\frac{m^{2}}{\sin^{2}{\theta}\cos^{2}{\theta}}-\frac{l^{2}}{4H^{2}}
\end{equation}
$B$H$7$FDj5A$5$l(B, $\psi^{*}$ $B$O(B $\psi$ $B$NJ#AG6&Lr$r0UL#$7(B, Im $B$O5u?tItJ,$rI=$9(B. (15) $B$N:G=*9`$N4]3g8LFb$NNL$O(B (11) $B$K$*$1$kBP1~$9$kI=8=$rItJ,@QJ,$791Ey<0(B
\begin{displaymath}
\mathrm{Im}(\psi^{*}\psi)=0
\end{displaymath}
$B$rMQ$$$k$3$H$GF@$i$l$k(B.

(14) $B$H(B (15) $B$+$iAm%(%M%k%.!<$NJ]B8$NJ}Dx<0$rF@$i$l$k(B. $B$=$l$OM-8z0LCV%(%M%k%.!<$NE,Ev$JDj5A$H(B, $B5e7A$N>l9g$KBP1~$9$k(B C-D $BDjM}$N2<$GF@$i$l$k(B.

\subsubsection*{c. $B=i4|>r7o(B}

$B9MN8$9$kNN0h$K$*$$$F:G=i$O>qMp$,$J$$$H2>Dj$9$k(B. $B$9$J$o$A(B
\begin{equation}
\psi(\theta,z,0)=0
\end{equation}
$B$H$$$&$3$H$G$"$k(B. $\overline{\psi}(\theta,z,0)$ $B$N=i4|J,I[$O(B, $B$"$k$$$O(B $\overline{u}$ $B$d(B $\overline{T}$ $B$HF1Ey$K(B, $B=EMW$J%Q%i%a!<%?!<$N0l$D$G$"$j(B, $B3F!9$N<B83$K$*$$$FL@5-$5$l$k(B.

\subsubsection*{d. $B6-3&>r7o(B}

\begin{numcases}
{z=z_{1}($B:GDcIt(B)}
\psi=F(\theta,t) \\
\displaystyle\DP{\overline{\psi}}{t}=0
\end{numcases}
\begin{numcases}
{z=z_{2}($B:G9bIt(B)}
\psi=0 \\
\displaystyle\DP{\overline{\psi}}{t}=0
\end{numcases}
\begin{numcases}
{\theta=\theta_{1}\;$B$*$h$S(B\;\theta_{2}}
\psi=0 \\
\displaystyle\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\biggl(\DP{\overline{\psi}}{\theta}\biggr)=0
\end{numcases}
$F(\theta,t)$ $B$H$$$&I=8=$OM=JsJQ?t$G$"$j(B, $B>r7o(B (18) $B$O>qMp$,:GDcIt$G6/@)$5$l$k$H$$$&4pK\E*$J2>Dj$rI=$9(B. $F(\theta,t)$ $B$NJ,I[$O8e$[$IM?$($i$l$k(B. $B$9$Y$F$N%1!<%9$K$*$$$F(B, $z_{1}=10\;\mathrm{km}$ $B$HA*Br$9$k(B. $B$3$l$O6KCO$NBPN.7w3&LL$NJ?6Q9bEY$KAjEv$9$k(B. (19) $B$K$h$jJ?6Q>l$,:GDc$N9b$5$G$OJQ2=$7$J$$$H2>Dj$9$k(B. $BM}M3$OBPN.7w$G$OBS>uJ?6QN.$,BPN.7w12$K$h$C$F0];}$5$l$k$+$i$G$"$k(B. $B$[$H$s$I$NBPN.7w12$O@.AX7w$K$*$1$k%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$HFHN)$G$"$m$&(B. $B7P83E*$K$3$N2>Dj$OBEEv$G$"$k$h$&$K;W$o$l$k(B.

$B>qMp$H$=$NBS>uN.$KBP$9$k1F6A$O@QJ,4|4VCf$K@QJ,NN0h$N:G>eIt$KE~C#$7$J$$$H2>Dj$9$k(B. $B$3$l$O(B (20) $B$H(B (21) $B$K$h$C$FI=$5$l$F$$$k(B. $BFbIt%m%9%S!<GH$N1tD>72B.EY$O(B $5\;\mathrm{km}\;\mathrm{day}^{-1}$ $BL$K~$G$"$k(B (Charney 1948) $B$+$i(B, $B$3$l$i$N2>Dj$O(B $z_{2}-z_{1}=100\;\mathrm{km}$ $B$*$h$S(B $t<25\;\mathrm{days}$ $B$KBP$7$F$J$+$J$+9gM}E*$G$"$m$&(B.

$B>r7o(B (22) $B$O>qMp$,8GDjJI$,2>Dj$5$l$k0^EY(B ($B%1!<%9(B A $B$H(B B) $B$"$k$$$O6K$H@VF;(B ($BB>$N%1!<%9(B) $B$G%<%m$K$J$k$H$$$&$3$H$r0UL#$9$k(B. $B@VF;$G>qMp$,%<%m$K$J$k$H$$$&2>Dj$O>qMp$,ElIwNN0h$K$*$$$F6/NO$K8:?j$9$k$O$:$G$"$k$H$$$&9M;!$KM3Mh$9$k(B. $BJ}Dx<0(B (23) $B$O(B $\overline{u}$ $B$NM-8B@-$"$k$$$O(B (22) $B$+$iF@$i$l$k6/@)$H$7$F$NM-8B@-$N7k2L$H$7$F@8$8$k(B.

\subsubsection*{e. $B6/@)4X?t(B}

$B$^$:(B, $60^{\circ}$ $B$K:GBgCM$r$b$D@5894X?t$r2>Dj$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F(B $\theta$ $B0MB8@-$rJ,N%$9$k(B. $B$9$J$o$A(B
\begin{eqnarray}
F(\theta,t)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
0, &\;\,0^{\circ}<\theta<30^{\circ} \\
\sin{[\pi(\theta-30^{\circ})/60^{\circ}]}\phi_{\mathrm{max}}f(t), &30^{\circ}\leq\theta\leq90^{\circ}
\end{array}\right.\end{eqnarray}
$B$G$"$k(B. $B$3$N7A<0$O>qMp$N<B:]$N0^EYJ,I[$KDj@-E*$K0lCW$9$k(B (Teweles 1963, Hirota and Sato 1969, Matsuno 1970). $B?^(B 3 $B$K<($5$l$k$h$&$K(B, $B4X?t7A(B $f(t)$ $B$r2f!9$N%b%G%k$K$*$$$F2>Dj$5$l$?>qMp$N?6$kIq$$$rI=8=$9$k$h$&$KA*Br$9$k(B.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=10cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.3.eps}
\end{center}
$B?^(B 3: {\footnotesize $B2<B&6-3&$G6/@)$5$l$?GH$N?6I}(B ($B<B@~(B). $B:?@~$O(B 1963 $BG/(B 1-2 $B7n$K(B 300 mb $B$G4QB,$5$l$?(B $m=2$ $B$NGH$N?6I}$r<($9(B ($B%G!<%?$OW"EDGn;N$h$j(B).}
\end{figure}
$B6/@)$N?6I}$H$7$F(B, $\phi_{\mathrm{max}}=300\;\mathrm{m}$ $B$H$$$&$+$J$jBg$-$JCM$rA*Br$9$k(B. $B$3$l$O>:29$NH/@8$r4|BT$7$F$N$3$H$G$"$k(B. $B?^(B 3 $B$K$*$$$F(B, 1963 $BG/(B 1 $B7n$+$i(B 2 $B7n$N4|4V$N(B 300 mb $B$G$N(B $m=2$ $B$NGH$N4QB,$5$l$??6I}$r<($9(B ($BEl5~Bg3X$NW"EDGn;N$,2D;k2=$7$?%G!<%?$h$j(B). $B$I$&$d$i(B, $B2>Dj$5$l$?6/@)4X?t$OFMA3>:29%$%Y%s%H$N$H$-$N<B:]$N>u67$KBP$9$k$h$$6a;w$K$J$C$F$$$k$h$&$G$"$k(B. $BF1$86/@)4X?t$,;0$D$9$Y$F$NGH@.J,(B $m=1-3$ $B$KBP$7$F;H$o$l$k$@$m$&(B. $m=3$ $B$NGH$N?6I}$O(B $m=2$ $B$NGH$N?6I}$H$?$$$F$$N`;w$7$F$$$k(B. $B$7$+$7$J$,$i(B, $m=1$ $B$NGH$,(B 10-km $B$N9b$5$G(B 200 m $B$h$jBg$-$/@.D9$9$k$3$H$OHs>o$K5)$G$"$k(B (Hirota and Sato 1969 $B$r;2>H$;$h(B). $B$=$7$F$7$?$,$C$F(B, $B%b%G%k$G$O$3$NGH@.J,$KBP$7$FBPN.7w$N6/@)$r6/D4$7$F$h$$(B.

$B%P%$%m%s!&%9%3%C%H$N?tCM<B83$K$*$$$F(B, $m=1$ $B$NGH$N6/@)$O(B 70-mb $B$N9b$5$GM?$($i$l$?(B. $BH`$ODj>oGH$H?J9TGHN>J}$N@.J,$r9MN8$7$?(B. $B$=$7$F$=$l$i$N:GBg?6I}$r$=$l$>$l$*$*$h$=(B 200 m $B$H(B 600 m $B$H2>Dj$7$?(B.

\subsection*{4. $B?tCM@QJ,$N7k2L(B}

\subsubsection*{a. $BM-8B:9J,K!(B}

$BJ}Dx<0(B (14) $B$H(B (15) $B$O(B $90^{\circ}$ $B$N0^EYD9(B ($B%1!<%9(B A, B $B$K$D$$$F$O(B $60^{\circ}$) $B$H(B 100 km $B$N?<$5$r$b$DNN0h$GH/E8LdBj$H$7$F?tCME*$K@QJ,$5$l$k(B. $B3J;R4V3V$H$7$F$O(B $\Delta\theta=5^{\circ}$, $\Delta z=2.5\;\mathrm{km}$ $B$b$NBg$-$JCM$,A*Br$5$l$k(B. $B8e<T$NCM$O(B $\overline{u}$ $B$r8GDj$7$?0l<!85EAGEJ}Dx<0$N?tCM@QJ,$K$h$C$F8!>Z$5$l(B, 50 $BF|4V$^$GNW3&9b$5$GGH$NFC0[5sF0$rI=8=$9$k$N$K==J,>.$5$$$H$$$&$3$H$,H=L@$7$?(B. $B;~4VA}J,(B $\Delta t$ $B$O(B 1 hr $B$HDj$a$i$l$k(B. $B$3$l$O(B $\Delta t=1/100\;\mathrm{day},\;1/50\;\mathrm{day},\;1\;\mathrm{hr}$ $B$H$7$F@QJ,$7$?7k2L$,Hs>o$K>.$5$J:9$7$+<($5$J$+$C$?$H$$$&7P83$K4p$E$$$F$$$k(B. 

$B0^EYJ}8~$N3J;RE@$NG[Ns$K$D$$$F$O(B $\psi$ ($B>qMp(B) $B$NE@$OFs$D$N6-3&$*$h$SFbB&$NEy4V3V$NE@$KG[CV$5$l$k3J9%$K$J$k(B. $B0lJ}(B $\overline{\psi}$ ($BBS>uJ?6Q(B) $B$NE@$OFs$D$NNY@\$7$?(B $\psi$ $B$NE@$NCf4V$K$"$k(B\footnote{
$B6K$K:G$b6a$$(B $\overline{\psi}$ $B$NE@$O(B $87.5^{\circ}$ $B$K$"$k(B. $BJX59>e(B, $B$3$NE@$G$NBS>uJ?6QNL$OKL6K$N$b$N$rBeMQ$H$7$F;2>H$9$k(B.
}. $B1tD>J}8~$K$*$$$F$O(B, $\psi$ $B$H(B $\overline{\psi}$ $B$NN>J}$H$bF1$89b$5$K5,Dj$5$l$k(B. $B$3$&$$$C$?LVL\$r:NMQ$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F%(%M%k%.!<J]B8$rK~$?$7B3$1$i$l$k(B. $B$?$@$7;~4V@Z$j<N$F8m:9$K$D$$$F$O=|$/(B.

$B$3$N@a$G$O<!$N8^$D$N@QJ,7k2L$rDs<($9$k(B. $B$3$l$i$N<B83$KBP$9$k%Q%i%a!<%?!<$NCM$dB>$N>r7o$rI=(B 1 $B$K<($9(B.
\begin{table}[bp]
\begin{center}
$BI=(B 1: {\footnotesize $B@QJ,$N>\:Y(B.} \\
\begin{footnotesize}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c}
\hline\hline
&&& \\
$B%1!<%9(B & $B7A>u(B & $BBS>uJ?6QIw$N=i4|>r7o(B & $BGH?t(B $m$ \\
\hline
A & $45^{\circ}$ $B%Y!<%?LL(B & $\overline{u}(\theta,z),\;$B0lDj(B=33\;\mathrm{m\;sec^{-1}}$ & 1 \\
& $90^{\circ},\;30^{\circ}$ $B$KJI(B && \\
B & $B5eLL(B & $\overline{\omega}(\theta,z),\;$B0lDj(B=0.1\;\mathrm{\Omega}$ & 1 \\
& $30^{\circ}$ $B$KJI(B && \\
C1 & $B5eLL(B & $B?^(B 9 $B$K<($5$l$k$h$&$J(B & 1 \\
C2 & $0^{\circ}$ $B$KJI(B & $BE57?E*$JE_$N>uBV(B & 2 \\
C3 &&& 3 \\
&&& \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{footnotesize}
\end{center}
\end{table}
$B?^(B 3 $B$K<($96/@)4X?t$r$9$Y$F$N%1!<%9$K$*$$$FMQ$$$k(B.

\subsubsection*{b. $B%1!<%9(B A}

$B$3$N7W;;$r9T$&L\E*$ODs0F$5$l$?%b%G%k$,4|BTDL$j$K5!G=$9$k$+3NG'$9$k$3$H$H%b%G%k$N:G$bC1=c$J7A<0$K$*$$$F%b%G%k$r2D;k2=$9$k$3$H$G$"$k(B. $B=i4|;~9o$NJ?6Q>l$K$OM-8z%(%M%k%.!<$,B8:_$7$J$$$H$$$&$3$H$KCm0U$;$h(B. $B?^(B 4-6 $B$OA*$P$l$?0^EY$GF@$i$l$?;~4V(B-$B9bEYCGLL$G$N;v>]$NH/E8$r<($9(B.
\begin{figure}[p]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.4.eps}
\end{center}
$B?^(B 4: {\footnotesize $B%1!<%9(B A, $B;~4V$H9bEY$N4X?t$GI=$7$?(B 60N $B$G$N>qMp$N?6I}(B. $B1FIU$-NN0h$OEl$+$i$NJ?6QN.$r<($9(B.}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[p]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.5.eps}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
$B?^(B 5: {\footnotesize $B%1!<%9(B A, $B;~4V$H9bEY$N4X?t$GI=$7$?(B 60N $B$G$NJ?6QBS>uIw$NB.EY(B ($\mathrm{m\;sec^{-1}}$).}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[p]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.6.eps}
\end{center}
$B?^(B 6: {\footnotesize $B%1!<%9(B A, $B;~4V$H9bEY$N4X?t$GI=$7$?6K$G$N29EY(B ($^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$). $BB@:?@~$O29EY>e>:$,:GBg$N9b$5$r<($9(B. $BElIw$NAX$O1F$,IU$1$i$l$F$$$k(B.}
\end{figure}
$B9b$5(B 10-km $B$G2C$($i$l$?>qMp$O(B $t=11\;\mathrm{days}$ $B$"$?$j$GElIw$,=P8=$9$k$^$G;~4V$N7P2a$H$H$b$K>eJ}$NAX$XEAGE$9$k(B. $B$3$N$H$-GH$N%(%M%k%.!<L)EY$O$[$\0lDj$KJ]$?$l$k(B. $B$=$N;~9o$N8eGH$N>eJ}EAGE$OElIw$K$h$C$F<WCG$5$l$k(B. $BElIw$NAX$K$*$$$F$O>qMp$O?j<e$7(B, $B>CLG$9$k(B. $B0lJ}$G@>Iw$NAX$K$*$$$F$O>qMp$O0lDj$N6/EY$r0];}$9$k(B. $B?^(B 5 $B$K$*$$$F(B, $B@>Iw$N?j<e$HElIw$X$NE>49$,8+$i$l$k(B. $B$3$l$O2>@b$+$iM=A[$5$l$k$H$*$j$G$"$k(B. $BElIw$NAX$O:G=i$OHs>o$K5^B.$K2<J}$X9-$,$j(B, $B$=$N8e$f$C$/$j$K$J$k(B. $B$J$<$J$i$PBg5$L)EY$OAX$,2<$,$k$K$D$l$FBg$-$/$J$k$+$i$G$"$k(B. $B6K$N29EY(B ($B?^(B 6) $B$O:G=i$N(B 10 $BF|4V$8$o$8$o$HA}Bg$9$k(B. $B$=$7$F$=$N8e(B $t=12\;\mathrm{days}$ $B$N8e$G5^B.$K>e>:$9$k(B. $B$3$l$OElIw$,=P8=$9$k;~9o$G$"$k(B. $B=i4|CJ3,$K$*$$$F29EY$N$:$l$,:GBg$G$"$k9b$5$OGH$NA0LLItJ,$N0LCV$K8~$+$C$F>eJ}$K0\F0$9$k(B\footnote{
$B29EY>qMp$OFMA3>:29%$%Y%s%H$N=i4|CJ3,$K$*$$$F>eJ}$KEAGE$9$k(B (Hirota 1967b).
}. $BFMA3>:298e(B, $B:GCHAX$ONW3&9b$5$N9_2<$K$D$l$F2<$X0\F0$9$k(B. $B$3$N$h$&$K(B, $BBh(B 2 $B@a$K$*$$$F5-=R$7$?FMA3>:29%$%Y%s%H$N9=A[$O<B:]$K5/$3$k$3$H$,J,$+$k(B.

$B?^(B 7 $B$K$*$$$F(B $t=15\;\mathrm{days}$ $B$G$N(B $\overline{u}$, $\partial\overline{u}/\partial t$, $\partial\overline{T}/\partial t$ $B$NJ,I[$r;R8aCGLL$K<($9(B.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=5cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.7.eps}
\end{center}
$B?^(B 7: {\footnotesize $B%1!<%9(BA, $t=15\;\mathrm{days}$, $B;R8aCGLL$K$*$$$F<($7$?BS>uIw$NJ,I[(B ($B<B@~(B), $B29EYJQ2=(B ($B:?@~(B, $^{\circ}\mathrm{C\;day^{-1}}$), $BCx$7$$ElIw$N2CB.(B ($\partial\overline{u}/\partial t<-7.5\;\mathrm{m\;sec^{-1}day^{-1}}, $B1FIU$-(B$).}
\end{figure}
$B$3$N%1!<%9$K$*$$$F$ONW3&9b$5$r7k$s$@LL$O?eJ?LL$G$O$J$/(B, $B79$$$F$$$k(B. $B$3$NE@$O$5$F$*$-(B, $B?^(B 1, 7 $B$K$*$$$FB?$/$N6&DL$NFCD'$,8+$$$@$;$k(B. $B$3$N$h$&$K(B, $B2>Dj$5$l$?;EAH$_$O?tCM%b%G%k$K$*$$$FK\Ev$K5!G=$7$F$$$k$H8+$J$5$l$k(B.

$B9MN8Cf$N<B83$OFMA3>:29$N860x$K4X$9$k6=L#?<$$>pJs$rM?$($F$/$l$k(B. $B$3$N%1!<%9$K$*$$$F$O9b0^EY$N29EY$O:G=i$N;~4|$r=|$$$F>o$KDc0^EY$h$j9b$$(B. $BGH$ODc0^EY$+$i9b0^EY$XG.$rM"Aw$9$k$?$a(B, $BGH$O@QJ,4|4V$N4V$8$e$&120LCV%(%M%k%.!<$rBS>u0LCV%(%M%k%.!<$KJQ49$9$k(B. $B$3$N;v<B$OFMA3>:29$,>qMp$N7905IT0BDjE*FC@-$J$7$GH/@8$7$&$k$H$$$&$3$H$r0E<($9$k(B. $B$7$+$77905IT0BDj$O8=<BBg5$$K$*$1$k;v>]$N<gMW$JFCD'$N0l$D$G$"$k(B (Reed 1963).

\subsubsection*{c. $B%1!<%9(B B}

$B?^(B 7 $B$K$*$$$F2f!9$O(B $\partial\overline{T}/\partial t$ $B$,HsBP>NJ,I[$r$b$D$3$H$K5$IU$$$?(B. $BNc$($P(B, $BFMA39_29$,>:29$HF1$86/EY$GDc0^EY$K$*$$$FH/@8$7$F$$$k$H$$$C$?6q9g$G$"$k(B. $B<B:]$K4QB,$5$l$?;v>]$K$*$$$F$O(B, $BDc0^EY$G$NBS>uJ?6Q29EY$O$o$:$+$K2<9_$9$k$,>:29$h$j$:$C$H>.$5$$DxEY$^$G$7$+2<9_$7$J$$798~$,$"$k(B (Julian and Labitzke 1965, Fritz and Soules 1970). $B$3$NL7=b$OCO5e$,5e7A$G$"$k$3$H$r9MN8$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F<h$j=|$+$l$k(B. $B$b$&0l$D$N7W;;$O5eLL:BI8$G9T$o$l$?(B. $BB>$N>r7o$O%1!<%9(B A $B$HEy$7$$$^$^$K$7$?(B. $B?^(B 8 $B$K$*$$$FDs<($5$l$F$$$k7k2L$+$i(B, $B6KNN0h$K$*$$$FDc0^EY$N29EY2<9_$h$jBg$-$J29EY>e>:$,G'$a$i$l$k(B.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=5cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.8.eps}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
$B?^(B 8: {\footnotesize $B%1!<%9(BA ($B:?@~(B) $B$H%1!<%9(B B ($B<B@~(B) $B$KBP$9$k(B, $B0^EY$N4X?t$GI=$7$?29EY$N=i4|CM$+$i$N$:$l(B.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
$B2f!9$N7O$G$OCO0hLLJ?6Q29EY$,0lDj$N$^$^$G$"$k$3$H$KCm0U$;$h(B. $B$9$J$o$A(B
\begin{equation}
\int_{\theta_{1}}^{\theta_{2}}\DP{\overline{T}}{t}\cos{\theta}d\theta=0
\end{equation}
$B$G$"$k(B.

$B$3$N4X78$O6u4VE*$K0lDj$N@EE*0BDjEY$r:N$jF~$l$k$3$H$+$i@8$8(B, $BCO9UIw6a;w$,8=>]$r5-=R$9$k$N$KM-8z$G$"$k8B$j$O;}B3$9$k$O$:$G$"$k(B.

\subsubsection*{d. $B%1!<%9(B C1, C2, C3}

$B$3$l$i$N@QJ,$G$O?^(B 9 $B$K<($5$l$k8=<BE*$JIw>qMp$,(B $\overline{u}$ $B$N=i4|>uBV$H$7$FM?$($i$l$k(B.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=5cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.9.eps}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
$B?^(B 9: {\footnotesize $BBS>uIw$N=i4|>qMp(B. $B$3$l$O%1!<%9(B C1-C3 $B$KBP$9$k=i4|>r7o$H$7$F:NMQ$5$l$k(B.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
$BIw%b%G%k$O(B 30-km $B$N9b$5$h$j2<$NE57?E*$JE_$N>u67$r$J$+$J$+$h$/I=$9(B. $B$3$N9b$5$h$j>e$G$O4QB,%G!<%?$,K3$7$/(B, $B%b%G%k$ODj@-E*$JBEEv@-$7$+$b$?$J$$$@$m$&(B.

$B%1!<%9(B C1 ($m=1$) $B$N7k2L$r(B 60N $B$G$N(B $\overline{u}$ $B$H6K$G$N(B $\overline{T}$ $B$N;~4V(B-$B9bEYCGLL$H$7$F?^(B 10, 11 $B$K<($9(B.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.10.eps}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
$B?^(B 10: {\footnotesize $B%1!<%9(B C1, 60N $B$G$NJ?6QBS>uIw$N;~4V(B-$B9bEYCGLL(B.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.11.eps}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
$B?^(B 11: {\footnotesize $B%1!<%9(B C1, $B6K$G$N29EY(B [$B=i4|29EY$+$i$N$:$l(B ($^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$)] $B$N;~4V(B-$B9bEYCGLL(B.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
$B$3$l$i$N?^$O%1!<%9(B A $B$KBP1~$9$k$b$N(B ($B?^(B 5, 6) $B$HHs>o$KN`;w$7$F$$$k$3$H$KCmL\$7$h$&(B. $B2f!9$N6=L#$NK\<AE*$JE@$K4X$7$F$ON`;w$7$F$$$k(B. $B$7$+$7$J$,$i(B, $B$=$l$>$l$N>:29$KH<$C$F(B, $BFs$D$NFHN)$7$?ElIw$NAX$,(B $\sim25\;\mathrm{km},\;\sim65\;\mathrm{km}$ $B$KG'$a$i$l$k(B. $B9b$$$H$3$m$G$N>:29$O<B:]$KH/@8$9$k(B (Hirota 1968, Quiroz 1969) $B$1$l$I$b(B, $B?^(B 11 $B$K<($9$h$&$JFsAX$N>:29$OBP1~$9$k8=>]$,4QB,$5$l$F$$$J$$$h$&$K;W$o$l$k(B. $BElIw%8%'%C%H$,=P8=$9$k$+$I$&$+$O=i4|IwB.$HGH$,0z$-5/$3$7$?2CB.$N@Q;;NL$H$NJ#;($J%P%i%s%9$N7k2L$H$7$F@8$8$?>uBV$K0MB8$9$k(B. $BFs$D$NElIw$NNN0h$r$?$^$?$^F@$k$3$H$,$"$k$+$b$7$l$J$$(B. $BB?$+$l>/$J$+$lFHN)$K$G$"$k(B. $B$3$NFC@-$O$5$F$*$-(B, $B29EYJQ2=$NBg$-$5(B ($\sim40\mathrm{C}$) $B$HH/@8$N%?%$%_%s%0(B ($B>:29A0CJ3,$KBP$9$k(B $\sim15\;\mathrm{days}$ $B$H(B $BFMA3>:29$KBP$9$k(B $\sim5\;\mathrm{days}$) $B$OF;M}$K$+$J$C$F$$$k(B.

$B?^(B 12-14 $B$G$O(B, $B%1!<%9(B C2 ($m=2$) $B$N7k2L$rA0$N%1!<%9$K$*$$$F$HF1$8J}K!$G<($7$F$$$k(B.
\begin{figure}[p]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.12.eps}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
$B?^(B 12: {\footnotesize $B%1!<%9(B C2, 60N $B$G$NGH$N?6I}$N;~4V(B-$B9bEYCGLL(B. $B1FIU$-NN0h$OEl$+$i$NJ?6QN.$r<($9(B.}
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\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[p]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.13.eps}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
$B?^(B 13: {\footnotesize $B%1!<%9(B C2$B$G$"$k$3$H$r=|$$$F?^(B 10 $B$KF1$8(B.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[p]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.14.eps}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
$B?^(B 14: {\footnotesize $B%1!<%9(B C2$B$G$"$k$3$H$r=|$$$F?^(B 11 $B$KF1$8(B.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
$B9MN8Cf$N<B83$G$O>:29$O0l$D$NAX$K$*$$$F5/$3$k(B. $B$3$l$i$N?^$H%1!<%9(B A $B$K$*$1$k?^$H$N4V$NN`;w@-$,$O$C$-$j8+$($k$@$m$&(B. $BF1$82aDx$,8=>]$r0z$-5/$3$9860x$G$"$k$3$H$,?dB,$5$l$k(B. $B6K$G$N(B 80C $B$N29EY>e>:$O9b$9$.$k$3$H$O$J$$$G$"$m$&$,(B, $60\;\mathrm{m\;sec^{-1}}$ $B$r>e2s$kElIw$OHs8=<BE*$G$"$k(B. $B$7$+$7$J$,$i(B, $B2f!9$,B?>/Hs8=<BE*$J>u67$r07$C$F$$$k$H$$$&$3$H$r;W$$=P$;$P(B, $B$3$&$$$C$?7k2L$,M=A[$5$l$k$@$m$&(B. $BHs8=<BE*$J>u67$H$O1J5WE*$J6/@)(B, $B;60o8z2L$,0l@Z$J$$$3$H$J$I$G$"$k(B. $B>:29AX$N9bEY$G$"$k(B 20-45 km $B$O4QB,$5$l$?;v>]$HN`;w$7$F$$$k(B. $B>:29AX$N>e$N9_29AX$N=P8=$O(B Quiroz (1969) $B$K$h$C$F3N>Z$5$l$F$$$k$,(B, $B0lHLE*$J8=>]$G$O$J$$$h$&$K;W$o$l$k(B.

$B%1!<%9(B C3 ($m=3$) $B$N7k2L$O8+$4$?$($,$J$$(B. $B@QJ,4|4VCf$N(B $\overline{u}$ $B$H(B $\overline{T}$ $B$NJQ2=$O:GBg$G$=$l$>$l(B $1\;\mathrm{m\;sec^{-1}}$ $B$H(B 2C $B$^$G$7$+C#$7$J$$(B. $B>qMp$O$+$m$&$8$F@.AX7w$KF~$kDxEY$G$"$j(B, $B9bEY$KH<$&0LAjJQ2=$,Hs>o$K>.$5$$$?$a(B, $B7k2L$H$7$FHs>o$K$o$:$+$JG.M"Aw$7$+$J$5$l$J$$(B. $B$b$A$m$s(B, $B$3$l$i$N;v<B$O@~7AEAGEO@$+$i?dO@$G$-$k(B. $B<B:]$KH/@8$9$kFMA3>:29$O(B $m=1$ $B$NGH$+(B $m=2$ $B$NGH$N$I$A$i$+$H4X78$7$F$*$j(B, $m=3$ $B$NGH$H$O4X78$7$F$$$J$$$H$$$&$3$H$,CN$i$l$F$$$k(B. $B$3$NE@$G$O2f!9$N7k2L$O4QB,$H0lCW$9$k(B.

$BMWLs$9$k$H(B, $B8=<BE*$J>r7o2<$G$N?tCM@QJ,$N7k2L$OB?$/$N4pK\E*$JFC@-$K$*$$$F<B:]$N8=>]$H$+$J$j$h$/0lCW$7$F$$$k$H8@$C$F$h$$$@$m$&(B.

\subsection*{5. $B4QB,$H$NHf3S(B}

$B2f!9$N7W;;$K$*$1$k6/@)$N4X?t7A$O(B 1963 $BG/$NFMA3>:29$N$H$-$N(B $m=2$ $B$NGH$K$*$*$h$=9g$&$h$&$K:n$i$l$?(B. $B$3$N>:29%$%Y%s%H$O(B $m=2$ $B$NGH$,0[>o$K6/2=$7$?$H$$$&FCD'$,$"$k(B. $B$=$l$OB>$N@.J,$r$[$\GS=|$7$F$$$?(B. $B$7$?$,$C$F(B, $B%1!<%9(B C2 $B$N7k2L$r(B 1963 $BG/$N>:29%$%Y%s%H$K$*$$$F4QB,$5$l$?8=<B$N@.AX7w=[4D$HHf3S$9$k$3$H$O$=$l$@$1$N2ACM$,$"$k$h$&$K;W$o$l$k(B. $B?^(B 15 $B$K$O(B $t=10,\;18,\;20,\;22\;\mathrm{days}$ $B$N(B $p=p_{0}\exp{(-30\;\mathrm{km}/H)}\approx13\;\mathrm{mb}$ $BEy05LL$N9bEY(B, $BEy05LL>e$N29EY$r<($9(B.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=5cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.15.eps}
\end{center}
$B?^(B 15: {\footnotesize $B%1!<%9(B C2 $B$G$NEy05LL9bEY(B (500 m $BKhEy9b@~(B, $BB@@~(B), $B29EY(B ($^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$, $B:Y@~(B), $p=p_{0}\exp{(-30\;\mathrm{km}/H)}\approx13\;\mathrm{mb}$ $B$NLL(B. $B29EY$O6K$G$N=i4|CM$+$i$N$:$l$G<($9(B. $BEy9b@~$O(B 30N $B$NKL$NNN0h$r0O$`(B.}
\end{figure}
1963 $BG/$N>:29$K$*$1$k4QB,$5$l$?=[4D$H29EYJ,I[$K$D$$$F$O(B, $BNc$($P(B, $B%Y%k%j%s<+M3Bg3XH/9T$NF|!9$N(B 10-mb $B?^(B ($Meteorologische\;Abhandlungen,$ Vol. 40) $B$d(B, Finger and Tweles (1964) $B$d(B Sawyer (1965) $B$K$h$kO@J8$r;2>H$9$k$3$H(B. $B7W;;7k2L$r4QB,7k2L$HHf3S$9$k$HC/$G$b(B 1963 $BG/(B 1 $B7n(B 7 $BF|$K(B $t=0$ $B$r3d$jEv$F$k$@$m$&(B ($B?^(B 3 $B$r8+$h(B).

$B;v>]$N7W;;H/E8$,B?$/$N4QB,$5$l$?$b$N$HB?$/$NE@$K$*$$$F;w$F$$$k$H$$$&$3$H$KCmL\$9$k(B. $B;w$F$$$kE@$H$O6KDc5$05$N?-D9$HJ,N%(B, $BFs$D$N9b5$05$NH/C#$H6K0h$rD6$($F$N$=$NM;9g(B, $B>:29CJ3,$K$*$$$F7OA4BN$,$f$C$/$j$H;~7W2s$j$K2sE>$9$k$3$H(B ($B@>J}$X$N1?F0(B) $B$J$I$N$3$H$G$"$k(B. $B?^(B 16 $B$K$O(B $t=0,\;10,\;20,\;21\;\mathrm{days}$ $B$G$NBS>uJ?6Q29EY$N0^EYJ,I[$r<($9(B.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=4cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.16.eps}
\end{center}
$B?^(B 16: {\footnotesize $B%1!<%9(B C2, $BF|?t(B $t=0,\;10,\;20,\;21,\;z=30\;\mathrm{km}$ $B$N0^EY$N4X?t$GI=$7$?BS>uJ?6Q29EY(B [$B=D:BI8(B ($^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$), $B6K$G$N=i4|CM$+$i$N$:$l(B].}
\end{figure}
$BBP1~$9$k4QB,7k2L$O(B Julian and Labitzke (1965, $B?^(B 3) $B$K8+$$$@$;$k$@$m$&(B. $B7W;;$H4QB,$NN>J}$K$*$$$F<e$$9b0^EY$G$N>:29$HDc0^EY$G$N9_29$,:G=i$N(B 10 $BF|4V$K8+$$$@$;$k(B. $B$=$7$FCx$7$$>:29$,<!$N(B 10 $BF|4V$K(B 60N $B$NKL$G5/$3$k(B. $B?^(B 16 $B$K$*$$$F>:29NN0h$H9_29NN0h$H$N6-3&$O(B $\sim45\mathrm{N}$ $B$K0LCV$7(B, $B$=$l$O;~4V$H$H$b$KKLJ}$XA+0\$9$k$H$$$&$3$H$KC/$G$b5$IU$/(B. $B$3$NFCD'$O4QB,$K$*$$$F$b8+$$$@$;(B, $BFnH>5e$K$*$1$k?6F0$9$k29EYJQ2=$K$*$$$F0lHL$K8+$$$@$;(B, $B$^$?(B 1970 $BG/$N>:29%$%Y%s%H$K$*$$$F$b8+$$$@$;$k$H(B Fritz and Soules (1970) $B$K$h$C$F:G6aJs9p$5$l$?(B.

$B$3$N$h$&$K(B, $B2f!9$N7W;;7k2L$O(B 1963 $BG/$N<B:]$NFMA3>:29%$%Y%s%H$KBP$7$FB?$/$NN`;wE@$r$b$D(B. $B$7$+$7$J$,$i(B, $B$$$/$D$+$NE@$K$*$$$F(B, $B7k2L$O4QB,$5$l$k8=>]$H0[$J$j(B, $B$^$?Bh(B 2 $B@a$K$*$$$F$J$5$l$?M}O@E*9M;!$+$iM=A[$5$l$?8=>]$H$b0[$J$k(B. $B$3$N%b%G%k$G$O6/Nu$J>qMp$N?/F~$,@>Iw%8%'%C%H$N?j<e$rM6F3$9$k$H$$$&$3$H$H(B, $B$7$P$i$/$7$F$=$l$,ElIw%8%'%C%H$KJQ$o$k$H$$$&$3$H$r2>Dj$7$F$$$k(B. $B$7$+$7$J$,$i(B, $B7W;;H/E8$O$=$&C1=c$G$O$J$$(B. $B?^(B 12, 13 $B$rD4$Y$k$3$H$G(B, $BC/$G$b@>Iw$NIwB.$,:G=i$N(B 9 $BF|4V8:>/$9$k$,(B, $B$=$N8e$9$02#$P$$$K$J$k$H$$$&$3$H$K5$IU$/$@$m$&(B. $B>qMp$O@.D9$r$d$a(B, $B$o$:$+$K<e$^$C$?$@$1$N@>Iw%8%'%C%H$H$[$\D`$j9g$C$?>uBV$KC#$9$k$h$&$K8+$($k(B. 9-14 days $B$N4|4V$G$O(B, $B9b0^EY$N@>Iw%8%'%C%H$O$[$\85$N$^$^$G$"$k(B. $B$7$+$7$J$,$i(B, $BDc0^EY$G$O@>Iw$O=L>.$7B3$1(B, $B?^(B 17 $B$K$*$$$F<($9$h$&$KElIw$KJQ$o$k(B. $B$3$N?^$O(B 30-km $B$N9b$5$G$NBS>uIw$N;~4V(B-$B0^EYCGLL$G$"$k(B.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.17.eps}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
$B?^(B 17: {\footnotesize $B%1!<%9(B C2 $B$G$N(B $z=30\;\mathrm{km}$ $B$K$*$1$kJ?6QBS>uIw$N;~4V(B-$B0^EYCGLL(B.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
$BG.BS0h$K$OElIw$,B8:_$9$k$?$a(B, $B%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$O@>Iw$r8:B.$5$;(B, $BNW3&LL$N6aK5$K$*$$$F$5$i$J$kElIw$r@8$_=P$9(B. $BNW3&LL$O@>Iw$HElIw$N6-3&$r<($7(B, $B$=$l$O$3$N%1!<%9$G$O9b$5$H8F$V$K$O$"$^$j$KBg$-$/79$$$F$$$k(B. $B$=$7$FNW3&LL$OKLJ}$XA+0\$9$k(B ($B?^(B 17). $t=15\;\mathrm{days}$ $B$N8e$G>qMp$O:F$SA}Bg$7(B, $BCf0^EY$K$*$1$k@>Iw$N?j<e$N$?$a$K$5$i$K>eJ}$XEAGE$9$k(B. $BC/$G$b?^(B 12 $B$K$*$$$F$@$1$G$J$/?^(B 18 $B$K$*$$$F$b$3$&$$$C$?E83+$,8+$($k$@$m$&(B. $B?^(B 18 $B$O(B $p=p_{0}\exp{(-30\;\mathrm{km}/H)}$ $BEy05LL$N9bEY>qMp$N;~4V(B-$B0^EYCGLL$G$"$k(B.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm,angle=0,clip]{Fig.18.eps}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
$B?^(B 18: {\footnotesize $B%1!<%9(B C2 $B$G$N(B $p=p_{0}\exp{(-30\;\mathrm{km}/H)}$ $BEy05LL$N9bEY>qMp(B (m) $B$N;~4V(B-$B0^EYCGLL(B.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
$B<e$$@>Iw$[$IGH$NEAGE$KBP$7$F$h$j9%ET9g$G$"$k(B\footnote{
$BGH$,EAGE$N5/$3$k8B3&$K6a$$$?$a$3$N5DO@$O$3$N%1!<%9$K$*$$$FM-8z$G$"$k(B. $B>r7o$,8B3&$K$[$I1s$$$J$i$P(B, $B<e$$@>Iw$[$IGH$N72B.EY$O$h$j>.$5$$$H$$$&7k2L$K$J$k(B.
}. $B$3$l$O(B Charney and Drazin (1961) $B$K$h$C$FM}O@E*$K5DO@$5$l(B, Hirota and Sato (1969) $B$K$h$C$F4QB,E*$KN)>Z$5$l$?(B. $B6/2=$5$l$?GH$O99$J$k8:B.$r0z$-5/$3$7(B, $B$=$7$F$3$N%U%#!<%I%P%C%/$rDL$7$F(B, $B6KLk%8%'%C%H$O(B $t=20\;\mathrm{days}$ $B$"$?$j$G$D$$$K>CLG$9$k(B. $B$3$N8=>]$NO":?$O?tCM%b%G%k(B C2 $B$K$*$$$F5/$3$C$?(B.

$BC/$G$bG.BS0h$K$*$1$kElIw$NB8:_$H0J>e$G5-=R$7$?;EAH$_$,FMA3>:29$r0z$-5/$3$9=EMW$JMWAG$G$"$k$H9M$($k$@$m$&(B. $B0lHL$K(B, $B$3$l$i$N8z2L$OB8:_$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$:(B, $B8=<B$N;v>]$K$*$$$F$$$/$D$+$NLr3d$rC4$o$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B. $B$7$+$7$J$,$i(B, $B2f!9$N%b%G%k$N7W;;$O8z2L$r8XD%$7$F$$$k$h$&$K;W$o$l$k(B. $BBP1~$9$k4QB,$5$l$?>uBV$r2r@O$7$?$b$N(B (Hirota and sato 1969, Fig. 2a, Fig. 7a) $B$G$O(B, $B?^(B 12, 18 $B$K8=$l$kGH$NCJ3,E*EAGE$r$[$H$s$IG'<1$G$-$J$$(B. $B$=$NBe$o$j$KGH?t(B 2 $B$N>qMp$,7QB3E*$K@.D9$9$k$3$H$H(B, $B@>Iw$,7QB3E*$+$D$9$Y$F$N0^EY$GF1;~$K?j<e$9$k$3$H$,J,$+$k(B. $B?6$jJV$k$H(B, $BC/$G$bIT0lCW$NH/C<$,=i4|CJ3,$G$NGH$N?6I}$N7W;;8m:9$G$"$k$H5$IU$/(B. $t=\mathrm{9-14\;days}$ $B$NGH$N7W;;$5$l$??6I}$G$"$k(B, 10mb $B$G(B $\sim500\;\mathrm{m}$ $B$O4QB,CM$NH>J,$G$7$+$J$$(B. $BN`;w$NIT0lCW$ODj>o>uBVLdBj$N8&5f(B (Matsuno 1970) $B$K$*$$$F5/$3$k(B. $B$7$?$,$C$F:#$N%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NEAGE$r7hDj$9$k?^<0$,(B $m=2$ $B$NGH$NEAGE$r2a>.I>2A$9$k798~$,$"$k$H$$$&$3$H$,5?$o$l$k(B. $BGH$N?6I}$,?tCM%b%G%k$K$*$$$F@53N$K7W;;$5$l$k$J$i$P(B, $B@>Iw%8%'%C%H$N?j<e$O$h$jAa$/5/$3$k$G$"$m$&$7(B, $BG.BS0h$K$*$1$kNW3&LLAj8_:nMQ$O:#$N7W;;$[$I=EMW$JLr3d$rC4$o$J$$$+$b$7$l$J$$(B.

$B2f!9$N%b%G%k$G$O9b0^EY@.AX7w$K$*$1$kNW3&9b$5$N@8@.$,$=$l$KB3$/FMA3>:29$NH/@8$KBP$9$kK\<AE*$JI,MW>r7o$G$"$k(B. $B4QB,LL$G$O(B, $B>:29$NH/@8$K@hN)$D9b9bEY$G$NElIw$N=P8=$,(B 1963 $BG/$N;v>]$K$*$$$FJs9p$5$l$F$$$k(B (Finger and Teweles 1964). $B$7$+$7$J$,$i(B, $B$3$NElIw$,H>5e=[4D$N0lIt$J$N$+6/2=$5$l$?%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$K4XO"$7$?C1$J$k6ICOE*$JIw$J$N$+$O0MA3$H$7$F5?$o$7$$(B. $BM}O@LL$G$b(B, {\bf $BBS>uJ?6Q>uBV$K$*$1$kNW3&9b$5(B}$B$OI,MW$+$I$&$+$H$$$&5?Ld$,;D$5$l$F$$$k(B. $B0[$J$k5,LO$NGH$,6&B8$9$k$J$i$P(B, $BBS>uJ?6Q$7$?Bg5,LO$JGH$N=E$J$j$O>.5,LO$NGH$KBP$9$kJ?6Q>l$N$h$&$K?6$kIq$&$@$m$&(B. $m=1$ $B$NGH$,E_5(@.AX7w$K$*$$$F$[$\>o$KB8:_$9$k$?$a(B, $B>.5,LO$NGH$KBP$9$k(B{\bf $B6ICOE*$JNW3&9b$5(B}$B$O$+$J$jIQHK$KCf0^EY$KB8:_$9$k(B. $BNW3&9b$5$N2aDx$NM}O@(B ($BGH$N5[<}(B, $BJ?6QIw$N2CB.(B) $B$,$3$&$$$C$?<oN`$NNW3&9b$5$KE,MQ$G$-$kHO0O$K$D$$$F$N5?Ld$O2r7h$5$l$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$h$&$K;W$o$l$k(B. $B%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NDj>o>uBV$N8&5f$G$O(B, Matsuno (1970) $B$,(B $m=1$ $B$NGH$NB8:_$,6ICOE*$K@>Iw$NB.EY$r8:>/$5$;$k$3$H$K$h$C$F(B $m=2$ $B$NGH$N1tD>EAGE$rB%?J$9$k$G$"$m$&$H$$$&$3$H$r<(:6$7$?(B. $BK\8&5f$K(B $m=2$ $B$NGH$K$D$$$FF@$i$l$kEAGE$,>.$5$9$.$k$H$$$&F1$8:$Fq$,$"$j(B, $B$7$?$,$C$FF1MM$KB?$/$NGH@.J,$,6&B8$9$k8z2L$r9M;!$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B.

$B?^(B 15 $B$r(B 1963 $BG/$N>:29$K$*$$$F4QB,$5$l$?7?$HHf3S$9$k$H(B, $BFs$D$N29EYJ,I[$N4V$N=EBg$JAj0c$K5$IU$/(B. $B4QB,$K$h$k?^$G$OHs>o$K9b$$29EY$,;v>]$N$h$jAa$$CJ3,$G8=$l(B, $BFs$D$N29CH$J3K$N0lJ}$,B>J}$h$j$:$C$H9b$$:GBgCM$r<($9(B. $B$3$l$i$NFCD'$N$I$A$i$b7W;;7k2L$K$*$$$F$O8+$$$@$;$J$$(B. $B!VFMA3>:29!W$H$$$&MQ8l$O6KCOBg5$$NOG@15,LO$N>:29$h$j$`$7$m$3$N6ICOE*$G0[>o$J29EY>e>:$r8F$V$N$K$7$P$7$PMQ$$$i$l$k$?$a(B, $BFMA3>:29$,==J,$K?tCME*$K:F8=$5$l$F$$$J$$$H8@$o$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B. $B$I$&$d$i(B $m=2$ $B0J30$NGH@.J,$rGS=|$7$?$3$H$,IT0lCW$N860x$N0l$D$G$"$k$h$&$@(B. $B$3$l$i$NLdBj$r2r7h$9$k$?$a$K(B, $BGH$HBS>uN.$H$NAj8_:nMQ$K2C$($F(B, $BGH$HGH$H$NAj8_:nMQ$d%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NEAGE$N40A4$KHs@~7A$J=hM}$K$D$$$F$N8&5f$,K>$^$l$k(B.

$B0J>e$G5DO@$7$?LdBj$K2C$($F(B, $BNW3&9b$5$N2aDx$r:n$j=P$9$&$($G>r7o(B $\overline{u}=0$ $B$,MW5a$5$l$kDxEY$rCN$kI,MW$,$"$k(B. $BGH$,Hs>o$K<e$$@>Iw$NAX$XEAGE$9$k$H$-(B, $BGH$N72B.EY$O8:>/$7(B, $BGH$OAX$rDL2a$9$k$^$G;v<B>eJD$8$3$a$i$l$k(B. $B$=$N4|4V(B, $BG.M"Aw$N$[$\CJ3,E*$JJQ2=$,AX$NFbIt$G5/$3$k$@$m$&(B. $B$3$NAX$O$3$H$K$h$k$HNW3&9b$5$N>u67$K$*$$$F5/$3$kBS>uN.$NElIw2CB.$KN`;w$7$?$b$N$r@8$8$5$;$k$+$b$7$l$J$$(B.

\subsection*{6. $BNW3&?6I}$r7hDj$9$k;n$_(B}

$B@h9T$N@a$K$*$$$FDs<($5$l$?7W;;$G$O(B, $BFCDj$N=i4|>r7o$H6-3&6/@)$N=89g$rMQ$$$F$-$?(B. $B7k2L$,%Q%i%a!<%?!<$NA*Br$KBP$7$F$$$C$?$$$I$N$/$i$$A!:Y$KH?1~$9$k$N$+CN$k$3$H$,K>$^$7$$(B. $B$=$l$O>:29$,@8$8$k>r7o$r7hDj$9$k$&$($G$b6=L#?<$$$@$m$&(B. $B$3$l$i$NL\E*$+$i$$$/$D$+$N%Q%i%a!<%?!<$NCM$rJQ2=$5$;$F?tCM@QJ,$r9T$C$?(B.

\subsubsection*{a. $B=i4|Iw(B}

$BCx<T$NA0$N8&5f(B (Matsuno 1970) $B$K$*$$$FMQ$$$?BS>uIw$NJ,I[$,(B $\overline{u}$ $B$N=i4|>r7o$H$7$F:NMQ$5$l$k(B. $B$3$NIw$NJ,I[$O(B C1-C3 $B$K$*$$$FMQ$$$?$b$N$HDj@-E*$KEy$7$$(B. $B$?$@$7@.AX7w(B-$BCf4V7w%8%'%C%H$,$3$N%1!<%9$K$*$$$F3K$H$=$N2<$G$OLs(B $10\;\mathrm{m\;sec^{-1}}$ $B$@$1<e$$$3$H$r=|$/(B. $B$7$+$7%8%'%C%H$OB.EY$r2<$2$k$3$H$J$/>eC<$K$^$G5Z$V(B. $B7k2L$O(B C1 $B$H(B C2 $B$K$*$$$FF@$i$l$?$b$N$H$*$*$`$MJQ$o$i$J$$(B. $B$7$+$7(B $m=2$ $B$N%1!<%9$G$O(B, $B$b$&0l$D$N>:29AX$,(B 70 km $B$"$?$j$K(B $t=21\;\mathrm{days}$ $B$N8e$G7A@.$5$l$k(B. $B$h$jDc$$9b$5$G$N>:29$O(B $t=19\;\mathrm{days}$ $B$K;O$^$k(B. $B$3$l$O%1!<%9(B C2 $B$h$j$b>/$7Aa$$(B. $B<e$$@>Iw$[$IMF0W$KElIw$KJQ$o$k$N$G$"$m$&(B.

\subsubsection*{b. $BM-8B4|4V$N6/@)(B}

$BGH$K$h$k6/@)$N4X?t7A$O$$$^(B $t=16\;\mathrm{days}$ $B$N8e$G8:>/$7(B, $t=22\;\mathrm{days}$ $B$N8e$G%<%m$K$J$k$h$&$K=$@5$5$l$k(B. $BB>$N>r7o$O(B C2 $B$HEy$7$/@_Dj$5$l$k(B. $B>:29$O(B $t=21\;\mathrm{days}$ $B$K5/$3$k(B. $B$3$l$O(B C2 $B$h$j>/$7CY$$(B. $B$^$?>:29$N:GBgNL$O$?$C$?(B 45C $B$N$^$^$G$"$k(B. $B$3$l$O(B $z=45\;\mathrm{km}$ $B$G(B 23 $BF|L\$KC#@.$5$l$k(B. $B>:29AX$N9_2<$H$H$b$K(B, $B29EY>e>:$O>.$5$/$J$k(B. $B$3$l$O%(%M%k%.!<6!5k$,$b$O$dB8:_$;$:(B, $B6/@)$N=|5n$N8e$K0MA3$H$7$F;D$C$F$$$k%(%M%k%.!<$N0lIt$7$+>:29$K$"$?$C$FMxMQ$G$-$J$$$+$b$7$l$J$$$?$a$G$"$k(B.

\subsubsection*{c. $BNW3&?6I}(B}

$B$3$3$^$GBPN.7w$N6/@)$,==J,6/$$>l9g$K8B$j(B, $B1tD>$KEAGE$9$kGH$,ElIw$r$b$?$i$;$k$H2>Dj$7$F$-$?(B. $B$3$N%1!<%9$G$OGH$K$h$k6/@)$,FMA3>:29$r:n$j=P$9?6I}$N4p=`$,B8:_$9$k$@$m$&(B. $B$=$&$$$C$?4p=`$,B8:_$9$k$J$i$P(B, $B$=$l$O>:29$N798~$rM^$($k$$$/$D$+$NMWAG$r4^$`$@$m$&(B. $B$3$NM}M3$K$h$jJ|<M8:?j8z2L$KBP$9$k6a;w$H$7$FBg5$$N%K%e!<%H%sNd5Q$r9M;!$9$k(B. $BF1$8B.EYDj?t(B $R_{d}$ $B$,J?6Q$H>qMpN>J}$NJ}Dx<0$KMQ$$$i$l$k(B. $B8z2L$rBS>uJ?6QJ}Dx<0$KAH$_F~$l$k$H(B, $BJ?9U29EY$,=i4|>uBV$H$7$FM?$($i$l$k$H$$$&$3$H$,2>Dj$5$l$k(B. $B=i4|29EY>qMp$,?^(B 9 $B$K<($9Iw$N>l$KBP1~$7$FFnKL$N8{G[$r$b$D$H$$$&$3$H$KCm0U$;$h(B. $B?tCM@QJ,$O6/@)?6I}(B $\phi_{\mathrm{max}}$ $B$H(B $R_{d}$ $B$rJQ2=$5$;B>$N>r7o$r(B C2 $B$HEy$7$/$7$F<B9T$5$l$k(B. $B7k2L$OI=(B 2 $B$K<($9(B. $B$3$NI=$O@QJ,4|4V(B (27 $BF|4V(B) $BCf$KC#@.$5$l$?$&$A$G:G9b$N29EY$N$:$l$H5^B.$J>:29$,;O$^$k$*$*$h$=$N;~4V$+$i$J$k(B.
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
$BI=(B 2: {\footnotesize $B:GBg29EY>e>:(B ($B:8(B, $^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$) $B$H>:29$NH/@8;~9o(B ($B1&(B, days). $B==;z7A$O7W;;7k2L$,$J$$$3$H$r<($9(B.}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=10cm,angle=0,clip]{Table.2.eps}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

$B<($5$l$F$$$k$h$&$K(B, $\phi_{\mathrm{max}}$ $B$N8:>/$K$h$C$F29EY>e>:$O>.$5$/$J$j(B, $B>:29$KI,MW$J;~4V$OD9$/$J$k(B. $B0lJ}(B $R_{d}$ $B$NA}2C$O$o$:$+$J1F6ANO$7$+$b$?$J$$$h$&$K;W$o$l$k(B. $B:G9b29EY$OBN7OE*$J798~$K2C$($F%1!<%9$4$H$K$o$:$+$JJQF0$r<($9(B. $B$7$+$7$J$,$i(B, $B$[$H$s$I$NJQF0$OL@NF$G$"$k$H$_$J$5$l$k(B. $B$J$<$J$i$P29EY%G!<%?$O(B 24-hr $B$N4V3V$GF@$i$l$k$+$i$G$"$k(B. $B$3$l$^$G$N$H$3$m(B, $B$9$Y$F$N%1!<%9$K$*$$$F>:29$rF@$?$,(B, $B4p=`$OF@$i$l$F$$$J$$(B. $BL58B4|4V$N6/@)$O$3$NLdBj$H4XO"$,$J$$$H?dB,$5$l$k(B. $B2DG=@-$N$"$k$b$&0l$D$NM}M3$O<B83$K$*$$$FMQ$$$i$l$?(B $R_{d}$ $B$NCM$,9b9bEY$G$OITE,@Z$G$"$k$H$$$&$3$H$G$"$k(B\footnote{
$B29EYJ}Dx<0$N$_$K8:?j$r4^$aBS>u1?F0NLJ}Dx<0$K$OA4$/4^$a$J$$$h$&$K$9$k$H(B $R_{d}^{-1}$ $B$h$j$:$C$HD9$$8:?j;~4V$,7k2L$H$7$F@8$8$k(B.
}. $B$9$Y$F$N%1!<%9$K$*$$$FElIw$OHs>o$K9b$$9bEY(B ($\sim90\;\mathrm{km}$) $B$K=P8=$7(B, $B2<J}$X9-$,$k(B. $B0lJ}$$$/$D$+$N6K8B$N%1!<%9$G$OElIw$O:G=i$KDc$$AX$K=P8=$9$k(B. $BJ?9U>uBV(B ($B@>Iw$G$"$k$H;W$o$l$k(B) $B$N2sI|$,>eJ}$NAX$K$*$$$FB.$a$i$l$?$J$i$P(B, $B0[$J$C$?7k2L$,F@$i$l$?$+$b$7$l$J$$(B.

$B0lHL$K(B, $B9b$$9b$5$G7W;;$5$l$?8=>]$O>r7o$NJQ2=$KBP$7$FA!:Y$KH?1~$9$k$h$&$K;W$o$l$k(B. $B$9$Y$F$N%(%M%k%.!<$,:GDc$N9b$5$G6/@)$5$l$?>qMp$+$i5/$3$k$?$a(B, $B%(%M%k%.!<EAGE$N860x$dJ}K!$N$$$+$J$k0c$$$G$b>eJ}$NAX$K$*$$$F3HBg$5$l$F8=$l$k$?$a$G$"$m$&(B. $B>eJ}$NAX$O%(%M%k%.!<$NN.$l$N2<N.$J$N$G$"$k(B.

\subsection*{7. $B7kO@$H=j8+(B}

$B$3$NO@J8$G$O@.AX7wFMA3>:29$N%b%G%k$rDs<($7$?(B. $B$=$l$O2<$+$i6/@)$5$l$?%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$N1tD>EAGE$H$=$NBS>uIw$H$NAj8_:nMQ$+$i$J$k(B. $B$3$l$i$N2aDx$r9gBN$5$;$??tCM@QJ,$N7k2L$O>:298=>]$NB?$/$N4pK\E*FC@-$r7A@.$7$?(B. $B%b%G%k$,C1=c$G$"$C$?$K$b$+$+$o$i$:$G$"$k(B. $BFMA3>:29$O$3$l$i$N2aDx$K$h$C$FK\<AE*$K@bL@$G$-$k$H7kO@$E$1$F$h$$$@$m$&(B.

$B6KCOBg5$$N>:29$N860x$O%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$K$h$kG.$N6KJ}8~$X$NM"Aw$K5"$5$l$k(B. $B0lHL$K(B, $B>eJ}$KEAGE$9$k%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$O6KJ}8~$XG.$rM"Aw$9$k(B. $B$3$l$O4pK\29EY8{G[$,$I$&$G$"$C$F$b5/$3$k(B (Eliassen and Palm 1961). $B$3$N$3$H$O2<J}$KJQ0L$7$?(B ($BCGG.05=L$5$l$?(B) $B6u5$2t$,6KJ}8~$K0\F0$7(B, $B>eJ}$KJQ0L$7$?6u5$2t$O@VF;J}8~$K0\F0$9$k$H$$$&$3$H$r0UL#$9$k(B. $B$3$l$OGH$NFCM-$N9=B$$N$?$a$G$"$k(B. $B$3$&$$$C$?12M"Aw2aDx$,B8:_$9$k$H$-(B, $BJ?6Q$N>eJ}$X$N1?F0$,9b0^EY$GG.N.B+$N<}B+$K$h$C$FM6F3$5$l(B, $B2<J}$X$N1?F0$,Dc0^EY$GM6F3$5$l$k$@$m$&(B. $B1tD>1?F0$OJ?6Q;R8aLLN.$KIU?o$7(B, $BBS>uJ?6QIw$r2CB.$9$k(B. $BBS>uIw$NElIw2CB.$OGH$N@hC<$9$J$o$ANW3&LL$N9b0^EYB&$G$N>:29$H$H$b$K5/$3$k$H$$$&$3$H$,<($5$l$k(B. $B$3$l$OGH$,NW3&LL$KEj<M$9$k>l9g$N$3$H$G$"$k(B. $BK\<AE*$K$O$3$l$i$N8z2L$K$h$C$FFMA3>:29%$%Y%s%H$NH/E8$r@bL@$7$F$-$?(B.

$BDL>o$NGH$NEAGE$HFMA3>:29$N>u67$H$N4V$N2DG=@-$N$"$k0c$$$KCm0U$9$Y$-$G$"$k(B. $B$J$<$J$i$PA0=R$N8z2L$O>o$K%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$KIU?o$7$F5/$3$k$?$a$G$"$k(B. $BI8=`>uBV(B ($BGH$,>.$5$$$+JB$N6/$5$r$b$A(B, $B$"$kDxEY0BDj$7$FB8:_$9$k$H$-(B) $B$G$OGH$O$=$NNN0h$KNW3&LL$,B8:_$9$k7k2L$H$7$FDc0^EY@.AX7w$K8~$+$C$F6~@^$5$l$k$@$m$&(B (Matsuno 1970). $BGH$OG.BS$NElIw$r2CB.$5$;$k$h$&$K?6$kIq$&$@$m$&$,(B, $B$=$NBg$-$5$O>.$5$/(B, $B$7$?$,$C$FM-0U$J8=>]$O@8$8$J$$(B. $B@.AX7w$K$*$1$kGH$N6/$5$HF1D4$7$?BS>uIw$NJQF0(B (Hirota and Sato 1969) $B$ODL>o$N>u67$K$*$$$F:nMQ$9$k$=$l$i$N8z2L$r0E<($9$k$H2r<a$5$l$k(B. $B;~@^(B, $B0[>o$K6/$$%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$,@8@.$5$l(B, $B>eJ}$KEAGE$9$k$H$-(B, $B8z2L$OCmL\$KCM$9$k$h$&$K$J$k(B. $B6KLk%8%'%C%H$O<e$a$i$l(B, $B$b$O$d%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$NEAGE$KBP$9$k>cJI$H$7$F$O?6$kIq$o$J$$$@$m$&(B. $B$=$7$FGH$ODc0^EY$K8~$+$&DL>o$N?JO)$K=>$o$J$$$@$m$&$,(B, $B9b0^EYNN0h$K$*$$$F$5$i$K>eJ}$XEAGE$9$k$@$m$&(B. $BElIw2CB.$O$=$3$GHs>o$K8zN(E*$K$J$k(B. $B$=$l$O$D$$$K$O@>Iw$+$iElIw$X$NIw$N5UE>$r0z$-5/$3$9(B. $B$=$7$F?7$?$JNW3&9b$5$,9b0^EY$G7A@.$5$l$k(B. $B$=$3$K8e$KB3$/GH$,=8Cf$9$k$@$m$&(B\footnote{
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$B:G8e$K:#$N7k2L$,FMA3>:29$N860x$K4X$9$kB>$N2>@b$HL7=b$7$J$$$3$H$KCmL\$9$Y$-$G$"$k(B. $BNc$($P(B, $BElIw$,J|<M$d8w2=3X$N2aDx$N8z2L$K$h$C$F9b9bEY$G:G=i$K@8$8$k$H$$$&$3$H$O$b$C$H$b$i$7$$(B. $B>/$J$/$H$b$$$/$D$+$N>l9g$G$O$b$C$H$b$i$7$$(B. $B$=$7$F$3$l$O8eB3$N8=>]$N$-$C$+$1$H$J$k(B. $B$^$?Bg5$$N2<AXItJ,$,==J,$J6/$5$r$b$D%W%i%M%?%j!<GH$K$h$C$FJ|<M$r$9$k$3$H$bI,MW$G$"$k(B. $B2:$d$+$JE_$K$*$1$k!V:G=*>:29!W$HFnH>5e@.AX7w$K$*$1$k>:29$O5(@aIw$N5UE>$K$h$C$F5/$3$k$h$&$G$"$k(B. $B$3$l$OK\<AE*$KJ|<MG.IT6Q9U$+$i@8$8$k(B.

\chapter*{$B<U<-(B}

\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{$B<U<-(B}

\markright{$B<U<-(B}

$BK\8&5f$K4X$7$F(B, $B;XF3650w$G$"$kNS>M2p65<x$K$O8&5fFbMF$N;X?K$r<($7$F$$$?$@$$$?(B. $B$^$?(B, $B4d;3N442=Z65<x$K$O;YG[J}Dx<0$NF3=P$K$*$$$FB?$/$N=u8@$r$$$?$@$$$?(B. $B;385<#?M;a$K$OK\O@J8$NJ8>O$r%A%'%C%/$7$F$$$?$@$$$?(B. $B2O9gM$B@;a$K$OF|:"$+$i;d$N8&5f$K4X$7$F(B, $BB?$/$N;~4V$r3d$$$FAjCL$K>h$C$F$$$?$@$$$?(B. $B=jB08&5f<<$NB>$N%a%s%P!<$NJ}!9$d(B, $B85%a%s%P!<$NJ}!9$+$i$bB?$/$N7cNe$d=u8@$r$$$?$@$$$?(B. $B$3$l$i$N3'MM$K(B, $B?4$h$j46<U$N0U$rI=$9$k(B.

\chapter*{$B;29MJ88%(B}

\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{$B;29MJ88%(B}

\markright{$B;29MJ88%(B}

\begin{enumerate}
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\item{$BDTLnCR5*(B, 2010: $B1tD>0l<!85%b%G%k$rMQ$$$?@VF;=`FsG/<~4|?6F0$N:F8=<B83(B, $B?@8MBg3XB46HO@J8(B.}
\end{enumerate}

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